FN ISI Export Format VR 1.0 PT J AU Buss, DM AF Buss, David M. TI The Great Struggles of Life Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Psychology SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Darwin; evolutionary psychology; great struggles of life; sexual selection; sexual conflict ID PARENT-OFFSPRING CONFLICT; SEX-DIFFERENCES; STRATEGIC INTERFERENCE; MATE ATTRACTION; 37 CULTURES; PREFERENCES; SELECTION; TACTICS; PERSPECTIVE; DEROGATION AB Darwin envisioned a scientific revolution for psychology. His theories of natural and sexual selection identified two classes of struggles-the struggle for existence and the struggle for mates. The emergence of evolutionary psychology and related disciplines signals the fulfillment of Darwin's vision. Natural selection theory guides scientists to discover adaptations for survival. Sexual selection theory illuminates the sexual struggle, highlighting mate choice and same-sex competition adaptations. Theoretical developments since publication of On the Origin of Species identify important struggles unknown to Darwin, notably, within-families conflicts and conflict between the sexes. Evolutionary psychology synthesizes modern evolutionary biology and psychology to penetrate some of life's deep mysteries: Why do many struggles center around sex? Why is social conflict pervasive? And what are the mechanisms of mind that define human nature? C1 Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Buss, DM, Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. 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Psychol. PD FEB-MAR PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 SI Sp. Iss. SI BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1037/a0013207 PG 9 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 409TI UT ISI:000263528300009 ER PT J AU Samani, S Ryan, BA AF Samani, Slamak Ryan, Bruce A. TI SPOUSE SELECTION: IMPORTANT CRITERIA AND AGE PREFERENCES OF AN IRANIAN SAMPLE SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MATE SELECTION; GENDER DIFFERENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; DIFFERENCE; MARRIAGE AB Importance of different criteria and age preference in spouse selection for single and married young Iranian adults was examined. The sample included 104 married (49 male, 55 female) and 112 single (51 male, 61 female) students. A 26-item scale developed for this study included 4 items related to demographic factors, 3 items on preferences for the ideal age of marriage, and 19 Likert-type items asking about criteria important for spouse selection. Analysis indicated that, in Iran, commitment, chastity, refinement, and health are four important criteria for spouse selection among male and female and single and married persons. Also, experience of marriage for married males may increase maturity, social prestige, family background, having a job, and age as criteria for choosing a Spouse. On the other hand, marriage experience for females may decrease the importance of social skills, housekeeping, and autonomy for selecting a spouse. C1 [Samani, Slamak] Shiraz Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, Shiraz, Iran. [Ryan, Bruce A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Family Relat & Appl Nutr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Samani, S, Shiraz Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, Shiraz, Iran. 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Rep. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 BP 535 EP 544 DI 10.2466/PR0.103.2.535-544 PG 10 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 379NH UT ISI:000261402800025 ER PT J AU Zhang, SY Kline, SL AF Zhang, Shuangyue Kline, Susan L. TI Can I Make My Own Decision? A Cross-Cultural Study of Perceived Social Network Influence in Mate Selection SO JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE social network; romantic relationships; xiao (filial piety); guanxi (network connection); mate selection; China; individualism; collectivism ID PREFERENCES; GENDER; CHINA; LOVE; INDIVIDUALISM; COLLECTIVISM; PERSPECTIVES; EXPECTATIONS; INVOLVEMENT; INTIMACY AB Two studies examined the comparative influence of network members on one's intention to marry and relational commitment among 616 college students in both China and the United States. Compared with U. S. participants, Chinese students believed that their dating partners would meet their filial piety beliefs, that such beliefs were more important in their potential decision to marrying their dating partners, and that they were more likely to comply with network members regarding the decision to marry. Network influence predicted Chinese marital intentions and relationship commitment, whereas relationship length and beliefs about support, care, living a better life, and network influence predicted U. S. participants' marital intentions and/or relationship commitment. C1 [Zhang, Shuangyue] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Commun Studies, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Kline, Susan L.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhang, SY, Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Commun Studies, Box 2299, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. 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Cross-Cult. Psychol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1177/0022022108326192 PG 21 SC Psychology, Social GA 379VD UT ISI:000261423400001 ER PT J AU Phillips, T Barnard, C Ferguson, E Reader, T AF Phillips, Tim Barnard, Chris Ferguson, Eamonn Reader, Tom TI Do humans prefer altruistic mates? Testing a link between sexual selection and altruism towards non-relatives SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARENTAL INVESTMENT MODEL; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; 37 CULTURES; EVOLUTION; CHOICE; HYPOTHESIS; BEHAVIOR; HUNTERS; HEROISM; TRAITS AB Humans are often seen as unusual in displaying altruistic behaviour towards non-relatives. Here we outline and test a hypothesis that human altruistic traits evolved as a result of sexual selection. We develop a psychometric scale to measure mate preference towards altruistic traits (the MPAT scale). We then seek evidence of whether mate choice on the basis of altruistic traits is present and find it in one study (N = 170 couples). We also predict that a stronger female MPAT, as measured by responses to the MPAT scale, will be expressed - a result found in all three studies (Ns = 380, 340, and 398). Both sets of results are consistent with the hypothesized link between human altruism towards non-relatives and sexual selection. C1 [Phillips, Tim] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Behav & Ecol Res Grp, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Ferguson, Eamonn] Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Phillips, T, Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Behav & Ecol Res Grp, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. 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J. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 99 PN Part 4 BP 555 EP 572 DI 10.1348/000712608X298467 PG 18 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 361ZD UT ISI:000260166700007 ER PT J AU Anderson, SL Adams, G Plaut, VC AF Anderson, Stephanie L. Adams, Glenn Plaut, Victoria C. TI The cultural grounding of personal relationship: The importance of attractiveness in everyday life SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attraction; physical attractiveness; personal relationship; culture; life outcomes ID WEST-AFRICAN WORLDS; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE; EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; NORTH-AMERICAN; BEAUTIFUL; CHOICE; SELF; FRIENDSHIP; MOTIVATION AB Previous research has suggested that physically attractive people experience more positive life outcomes than do unattractive people. However, the importance of physical attractiveness in everyday life may vary depending on the extent to which different cultural worlds afford or require individual choice in the construction and maintenance of personal relationships. The authors hypothesized that attractiveness matters more for life outcomes in settings that promote voluntaristic-independent constructions of relationship as the product of personal choice than it does in settings that promote embedded-interdependent constructions of relationship as an environmental affordance. Study 1 examined self-reported outcomes of attractive and unattractive persons. Study 2 examined expectations about attractive and unattractive targets. Results provide support for the hypothesis along four dimensions: national context, relationship context, rural-urban context, and experimental manipulation of relationship constructions. These patterns suggest that the importance of physical attractiveness documented by psychological research is the product of particular constructions of reality. C1 [Anderson, Stephanie L.; Adams, Glenn] Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Plaut, Victoria C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Anderson, SL, Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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Pers. Soc. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 95 IS 2 BP 352 EP 368 DI 10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.352 PG 17 SC Psychology, Social GA 329CW UT ISI:000257845500008 ER PT J AU Mathews, F Johnson, PJ Neil, A AF Mathews, Fiona Johnson, Paul J. Neil, Andrew TI You are what your mother eats: evidence for maternal preconception diet influencing foetal sex in humans SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sex ratio; nutrition; diet; mammal; fertility treatment; Trivers-Willard hypothesis ID TRIVERS-WILLARD HYPOTHESIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ENERGY-INTAKE; RATIO MANIPULATION; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; BIRTH; CONCEPTION; NUTRITION; PREGNANCY; PATTERNS AB Facultative adjustment of sex ratios by mothers occurs in some animals, and has been linked to resource availability. In mammals, the search for consistent patterns is complicated by variations in mating systems, social hierarchies and litter sizes. Humans have low fecundity, high maternal investment and a potentially high differential between the numbers of offspring produced by sons and daughters: these conditions should favour the evolution of facultative sex ratio variation. Yet little is known of natural mechanisms of sex allocation in humans. Here, using data from 740 British women who were unaware of their foetus's gender, we show that foetal sex is associated with maternal diet at conception. Fifty six per cent of women in the highest third of preconceptional energy intake bore boys, compared with 45% in the lowest third. Intakes during pregnancy were not associated with sex, suggesting that the foetus does not manipulate maternal diet. Our results support hypotheses predicting investment in costly male offspring when resources are plentiful. Dietary changes may therefore explain the falling proportion of male births in industrialized countries. The results are relevant to the current debate about the artificial selection of offspring sex in fertility treatment and commercial 'gender clinics'. C1 Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Hatherly Labs, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. [Johnson, Paul J.] Univ Oxford, Wildlife Conservat Res Int, Dept Zool, Tubney OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. [Neil, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Hlth Care, Inst Hlth Sci, Oxford OX3 7LF, England. RP Mathews, F, Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Hatherly Labs, Prince Wales Rd, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1643 BP 1661 EP 1668 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0105 PG 8 SC Biology GA 308KD UT ISI:000256387500010 ER PT C AU Hromatko, I Tadinae, M Vranic, A AF Hromatko, Ivana Tadinae, Meri Vranic, Andrea TI Femininity and masculinity across the menstrual cycle: A relation to mate value SO COLLEGIUM ANTROPOLOGICUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper DE menstrual cycle; masculinity; femininity; cognition; mate value ID SELF-PERCEIVED ATTRACTIVENESS; MALE FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SEX-ROLE IDENTITY; FEMALE PREFERENCES; MALE FACES; SYMMETRY; BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; WOMEN; FLUCTUATIONS AB Numerous studies have shown that menstrual cycle related variations in sex hormones influence various cognitive processes. These shifts are considered as the evidence for a hormone-mediated adaptive design underlying human mating motivation. In a series of related studies we have shown that (i) femininity does not vary across the menstrual cycle, whereas masculinity is the most pronounced during the fertile period, (ii) masculinity, but not femininity, predicts shifts in spatial cognition across the menstrual cycle, and (iii) women with different positions on masculinity and femininity dimensions differ in their self-perceived mate value. These results suggest that (i) there might be a hormone mediated psychological mechanism making a woman more assertive and dominant during a short time-window when the conception is likely, (ii) menstrual cycle related shifts in cognitive abilities and mating motivation might have a common hormonal mechanism, and (iii) women's mate value (and indirectly her reproductive success) depends upon both feminine and masculine traits. C1 [Hromatko, Ivana; Tadinae, Meri; Vranic, Andrea] Univ Zagreb, Fac Humanities & Social Sci, Dept Psychol, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. 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Anthropol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 32 SU Suppl. 1 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 SC Anthropology GA 269VY UT ISI:000253679900014 ER PT C AU Lucas, T Parkhill, MR Wendorf, CA Imamoglu, EO Weisfeld, CC Weisfeld, GE Shen, JL AF Lucas, Todd Parkhill, Michele R. Wendorf, Craig A. Imamoglu, E. Olcay Weisfeld, Carol C. Weisfeld, Glenn E. Shen, Jiliang TI Cultural and evolutionary components of marital satisfaction - A multidimensional assessment of measurement invariance SO JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper DE marriage; marital satisfactionl; invariance; love; Turkey; China; United Kingdom; United States ID INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS; COVARIANCE-STRUCTURES; FACTORIAL INVARIANCE; ROMANTIC LOVE; FIT INDEXES; GENDER; ATTACHMENT; GOODNESS; CHILDREN; MAMMALS AB Couples assess their satisfaction with one another according to numerous culturally determined criteria. However, evolutionary perspectives on marriage emphasize that husbands and wives are also concerned with their adaptive fitness, and this suggests that some aspects of marital satisfaction may be cross-culturally homogenous. We examined whether marital satisfaction reflects both 'culturally unique' and 'adaptively universal' concerns of husbands and wives. Approximately 2000 couples from Britain, Turkey, China and the United States completed a multidimensional measure of marital satisfaction that we assessed for measurement invariance. Measures of romantic love and spousal support functioned similarly for couples within all four cultures, indicating the possibility of a ubiquitous pair-bonding component of marital satisfaction. However, invariant measurement structure was less robust across these samples, suggesting a culturally derived component of marital satisfaction. In general, results suggest that invariance analyses may be used to elucidate cultural and evolutionary perspectives on marriage. C1 [Lucas, Todd] Wayne State Univ, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth Sco, Div Occupat & Environm Hlth, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Parkhill, Michele R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wendorf, Craig A.] Univ Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Imamoglu, E. Olcay] Middle E Tech Univ, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Weisfeld, Carol C.] Univ Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. [Shen, Jiliang] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Lucas, T, Wayne State Univ, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth Sco, Div Occupat & Environm Hlth, 3800 Woodward Ave,Suite 808, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. 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Cross-Cult. Psychol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.1177/0022022107311969 PG 15 SC Psychology, Social GA 245NA UT ISI:000251940800007 ER PT J AU Provost, MP Troje, NF Quinsey, VL AF Provost, Meghan P. Troje, Nikolaus F. Quinsey, Vemon L. TI Short-term mating starategies and attraction to masculinity in point-light walkers SO EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE sociosexuality; fertility status; immunocompetence; biological motion; masculinity ID FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; PREFERENCES; SOCIOSEXUALITY; TESTOSTERONE; STRATEGIES; MATES; MEN AB Strategic pluralism suggests that women engage in short-term sexual relationships when the benefits to doing so outweigh the costs. We investigated attraction to indicators of good genes (namely, masculinity as demonstrated by point-light walkers) in women varying in menstrual cycle status and sociosexual orientation. When women are fertile, they have the ability to gain genetic benefits from a male partner and should also be attracted to high levels of masculinity in men as a signal of genetic benefits. Sociosexual orientation is an individual difference that indicates openness to short-term mating and, thus, should influence aspects of mating strategy. Women with an unrestricted sociosexual orientation, as compared to women with a restricted sociosexual orientation, are more likely to engage in short-term relationships and obtain fewer nongenetic resources from their mates. Thus, they should place heavy emphasis on male masculinity as a sign of genetic benefits available from their mates. In this study, women indicated the walker most attractive to them on a constructed continuum of male and female point-light walkers. In Study 1, fertile women, as compared to nonfertile women, showed a greater attraction to masculinity. In Study 2, women demonstrated a strong positive relationship between sociosexuality and attraction to masculinity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Provost, Meghan P.; Troje, Nikolaus F.; Quinsey, Vemon L.] Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Provost, MP, Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM meghan.provost@msvu.ca CR BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 DAVIS RB, 1991, HUM MOVEMENT SCI, V10, P575 DIXSON AF, 2003, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V32, P22 FEINBERG DR, 2006, HORM BEHAV, V49, P215, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.07.004 FINK B, 2001, J COMP PSYCHOL, V115, P92 FOLSTAD I, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P603 GANGESTAD SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573 GANGESTAD SW, 2004, PSYCHOL SCI, V15, P203 GUIDA N, 1999, FERTIL STERIL, V72, P900 JOHNSTON VS, 2001, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V22, P251 JONES BC, 2004, PERCEPTION, V33, P569, DOI 10.1068/p3463 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 MATHER G, 1994, P R SOC B, V258, P273 PENTONVOAK IS, 1999, NATURE, V399, P741 PENTONVOAK IS, 2000, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V21, P39 PENTONVOAK IS, 2004, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V25, P229, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.04.003 PROVOST MP, 2006, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V35, P305, DOI 10.1007/s10508-006-9029-3 SIMPSON JA, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V60, P870 TROJE NF, 2002, DYNAMIC PERCEPTION, P115 TROJE NF, 2002, J VISION, V2, P371 TROJE NF, 2003, CAT WALK W HERO MOTI, P40 WAYNFORTH D, 2005, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V26, P409, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.03.003 ZITZMANN M, 2001, EUR J ENDOCRINOL, V144, P183 NR 23 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1090-5138 J9 EVOL HUM BEHAV JI Evol. Hum. Behav. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.07.007 PG 5 SC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA 244WO UT ISI:000251896200008 ER PT J AU Tadinac, M Hromatko, I AF Tadinac, Meri Hromatko, Ivana TI Own mate value and relative importance of a potential mate's qualities SO STUDIA PSYCHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE mate preferences; mate value; sex differences; selectiveness; age ID PARENTAL INVESTMENT MODEL; GENDER DIFFERENCES; SELECTION CRITERIA; PREFERENCES; EVOLUTION AB The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that an individual's mate preferences are in accordance with his/her position on the characteristic especially relevant to the opposite sex (physical attractiveness in females and income in males), own mate value, and age. The questionnaire, requesting various biographical data and ratings of characteristics of a potential mate regarding their importance or desirability, was posted on the internet and completed by 2648 participants. Women with higher levels of self-perceived physical attractiveness gave higher ratings of importance of a potential partner's characteristics, while men with higher income rated potential mate's qualities as more important than men with lower income. Participants from high mate value group proved to be choosier, rating majority of characteristics as more important than low mate value group did. Adults of both sexes aged 25-39 rated several characteristics as more important compared to younger and older participants, suggesting that people raise their expectations from a potential mate while in their reproductive period. C1 Univ Zagreb, Fac Humanities & Social Sci 1, Dept Psychol, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Tadinac, M, Univ Zagreb, Fac Humanities & Social Sci 1, Dept Psychol, Lucia 3, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. EM mtadinac@ffzg.hr CR BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 2001, J MARRIAGE FAM, V63, P491 BUSS DM, 2003, EVOLUTION DESIRE BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 BUSTON PM, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P8805, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1533220100 BUUNK BP, 2002, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V9, P271 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 GANGESTAD SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573 HRDY SB, 2000, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V907, P75 KENRICK DT, 1990, J PERS, V58, P97 KENRICK DT, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V64, P951 KURZBAN R, 2005, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V26, P227, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.08.012 MARLOWE FW, 2003, HUMAN NATURE, V15, P365 SHACKELFORD TK, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P447, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.01.023 SPRECHER S, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1074 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 WAYNFORTH D, 1995, BEHAVIOUR, V132, P125 WIEDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 NR 19 TC 0 PU SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES INST EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY PI BRATISLAVA PA DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, 813 64 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0039-3320 J9 STUD PSYCHOL JI Studia Psychol. PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 251 EP 264 PG 14 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 227ER UT ISI:000250640500006 ER PT J AU Anthony, DB Holmes, JG Wood, JV AF Anthony, Danu B. Holmes, John G. Wood, Joanne V. TI Social acceptance and self-esteem: Tuning the sociometer to interpersonal value SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE self-esteem; sociometer theory; interpersonal relationships; self-concept ID TRAIT DEFINITIONS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PERSONALITY; WORTH; CONTINGENCIES; BEHAVIOR; DISPOSITIONS; PREFERENCES; INFORMATION; REJECTION AB The authors draw on sociometer theory to propose that self-esteem is attuned to traits that garner others' acceptance, and the traits that garner acceptance depend on one's social role. Attunement of self-esteem refers to the linkage, or connection, between self-esteem and specific traits, which may be observed most clearly in the association between self-esteem and specific self-evaluations. In most roles, appearance and popularity determine acceptance, so self-esteem is most attuned to those traits. At the same time, interdependent social roles emphasize the value of communal qualities, so occupants of those roles have self-esteem that is more attuned to communal qualities than is the general norm. To avoid the biases of people's personal theories, the authors assessed attunement of self-esteem to particular traits indirectly via the correlation between self-esteem and self-ratings, cognitive accessibility measures, and an experiment involving Social decision making. As hypothesized, self-esteem was generally more attuned to appearances than to communal qualities, but interdependent social roles predicted heightened attunement of self-esteem to qualities like kindness and understanding. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Psychol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Anthony, DB, Univ Waterloo, Dept Psychol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. 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Pers. Soc. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 6 BP 1024 EP 1039 DI 10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1024 PG 16 SC Psychology, Social GA 175CV UT ISI:000246991100005 ER PT J AU Lippa, RA AF Lippa, Richard A. TI The preferred traits of mates in a cross-national study of heterosexual and homosexual men and women: An examination of biological and cultural influences SO ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE cross-cultural research; mating psychology; physical attractiveness; sex differences; sexual orientation; evolutionary theory; social structural theory ID SEXUAL ORIENTATION; GENDER DIFFERENCES; SELECTION PREFERENCES; AGE PREFERENCES; CAMPUS VALUES; EVOLUTION; CHOICE; MODEL AB BBC Internet survey participants (119,733 men and 98,462 women) chose from a list of 23 traits those they considered first, second, and third most important in a relationship partner. Across all participants, the traits ranked most important were: intelligence, humor, honesty, kindness, overall good looks, face attractiveness, values, communication skills, and dependability. On average, men ranked good looks and facial attractiveness more important than women did (d = 0.55 and 0.36, respectively), whereas women ranked honesty, humor, kindness, and dependability more important than men did (ds = 0.23, 0.22, 0.18, and 0.15). Sexual orientation differences were smaller than sex differences in trait rankings, but some were meaningful; for example, heterosexual more than homosexual participants assigned importance to religion, fondness for children, and parenting abilities. Multidimensional scaling analyses showed that trait preference profiles clustered by participant sex, not by sexual orientation, and by sex more than by nationality. Sex-by-nation ANOVAs of individuals' trait rankings showed that sex differences in rankings of attractiveness, but not of character traits, were extremely consistent across 53 nations and that nation main effects and sex-by-nation interactions were stronger for character traits than for physical attractiveness. United Nations indices of gender equality correlated, across nations, with men's and women's rankings of character traits but not with their rankings of physical attractiveness. These results suggest that cultural factors had a relatively greater impact on men's and women's rankings of character traits, whereas biological factors had a relatively greater impact on men's and women's rankings of physical attractiveness. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Psychol, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RP Lippa, RA, Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Psychol, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM rlippa@fullerton.edu CR BAILEY JM, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1081 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1999, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL BUSS DM, 2001, J MARRIAGE FAM, V63, P491 DIAMOND LM, 2003, PSYCHOL REV, V110, P173, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.173 EAGLY AH, 1999, AM PSYCHOL, V54, P408 FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 GEARY DC, 2004, J SEX RES, V41, P27 HILL R, 1945, J HOME ECON, V37, P554 HOYT LL, 1981, SOC BEHAV PERSONAL, V9, P93 HUDSON JW, 1969, J MARRIAGE FAM, V31, P772 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 KENRICK DT, 1995, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V69, P1166 LI NP, 2002, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V82, P947 LIPPA RA, 2005, ANN REV SEX RES, V16, P119 LIPPA RA, 2005, GENDER NATURE NURTUR MCGINNIS R, 1958, SOC FORCES, V36, P368 PEPLAU LA, 2001, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V8, P1 POWERS EA, 1971, INT J SOCIOL FAM, V1, P207 SPRECHER S, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1074 SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 WIEDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 WILSON G, 2005, BORN GAY PSYCHOBIOLO NR 27 TC 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0004-0002 J9 ARCH SEX BEHAV JI Arch. Sex. Behav. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s10508-006-9151-2 PG 16 SC Psychology, Clinical GA 162QI UT ISI:000246102800010 ER PT J AU Samani, S AF Samani, S. TI Important criteria for spouse selection in a sample of Iranian youth SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MATE SELECTION; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; PREFERENCES AB The aim was to study important criteria for spouse selection by a sample of Iranian youth, 110 Iranian university students (60 women and 50 men; M age = 21.7 yr., SD = 1.5). Participants were single. Face-to-face interviews indicated that the order of the first 10 important criteria for the women were chastity, virtuous, religion, education, family characteristics, financial resources, job, commitment, social skills, and social prestige; for the men these were physical appearance, chastity, education, family characteristics, virtuous, religion, personality traits, social skills, housekeeping, and commitment and financial resources. C1 Shiraz Univ, Coll Educ & Psychol, Dept Educ Psychol, Shiraz, Iran. RP Samani, S, Shiraz Univ, Coll Educ & Psychol, Dept Educ Psychol, Shiraz, Iran. EM samani@shirazu.ac.ir CR *UNFPA, 1999, IR STAT YB UNFPA BROWEN RA, 1994, J SOC PSYCHOL, V2, P183 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P616 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 CATTELL RB, 1967, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V7, P351 DARWIN C, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO GOODE WJ, 1982, FAMILY HILL R, 1945, J HOME ECON, V37, P554 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V20, P140 MA R, 2001, DEV SOC, V30, P79 MCGINNIS R, 1958, SOC FORCES, V36, P368 NAKOSTEEN RA, 2001, ECON INQ, V39, P201 PICKTHALL M, 1998, GLORIOUS QURAN RUSHTON JP, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P503 THIESSEN DD, 1980, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V1, P111 TODOSIJEVIC B, 2003, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V1, P116 TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P241 WIEDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 NR 20 TC 1 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 100 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.2466/PR0.100.1.59-65 PG 7 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 153EG UT ISI:000245414000011 ER PT J AU Higgins, LT Sun, CH AF Higgins, Louise T. Sun, Chunhui TI Gender, social background and sexual attitudes among Chinese students SO CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE China; partner selection; sexual behaviour ID BEHAVIORS; HIV; PERCEPTIONS; KNOWLEDGE; PROVINCE; CULTURE; WOMEN; MEN AB Chinese society is changing rapidly. As a result of the political and economic reforms of the 'socialist market economy', for example, people have more choices than before. To examine current attitudes to sexual behaviour and marriage, 1100 university students from different parts of China were asked to talk about their views on marriage and choosing a marriage partner, and to describe their own sexual behaviours. Views about 'male superiority' in marriage, for age, education and height persisted, especially for women. Overall, attitudes to sexual behaviours were less open then in the West. However, young people from the cities with educated/professional parents showed more liberal attitudes than those from rural backgrounds. While some attitudes are changing, evidence concerning behaviour change is not so clear. There are important implications for the HIV/AIDS awareness programmes and sex education. C1 W Chester Univ, Chester CH1 4BJ, Cheshire, England. Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Higgins, LT, W Chester Univ, Parkgate Rd, Chester CH1 4BJ, Cheshire, England. 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Health Sex PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1080/13691050600963914 PG 12 SC Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA 151QL UT ISI:000245305500003 ER PT J AU Moore, FR Cassidy, C AF Moore, Fhionna R. Cassidy, Clare TI Female status predicts female mate preferences across nonindustrial societies SO CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sex differences; mate preferences; female status; nonindustrial societies ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; GENDER DIFFERENCES; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SELECTION CRITERIA; CHOICE; AGE; ADVERTISEMENTS; STRATEGIES; ORIGINS; SAMPLE AB Most studies demonstrating the contribution of economic constraints on women to sex differences in mate preferences have used samples from postindustrial societies with similar social structures. The authors investigate the effects of female status on female mate preferences in a subsection of the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Whyte's (1978) codes provide indicators of female status, and mate preferences are obtained through qualitative analysis of ethnographic data in the Human Relations Area Files. Two measures of female status are found to relate to the relative importance of physical appearance to access to resources in attraction to a partner: Domestic authority is associated with greater importance placed on appearance relative to resources, whereas ritualized female solidarity is associated with lower importance of appearance relative to resources. Results are discussed in the context of the contribution of social and economic constraints on women to sex differences. C1 Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. RP Moore, FR, Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. 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Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1177/1069397106294860 PG 9 SC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary GA 126BO UT ISI:000243487400004 ER PT J AU Buss, DM AF Buss, David M. TI The evolutionary genetics of personality: Does mutation load signal relationship load? SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREDICTORS AB The mutation-selection hypothesis may extend to understanding normal personality variation. Traits such as emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness figure strongly in mate selection and show evidence of non-additive genetic variance. They are linked with reproductively relevant outcomes, including longevity, resource acquisition, and mating success. Evolved difference-detection adaptations may function to spurn individuals whose high mutation load signals a burdensome relationship load.. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Buss, DM, Univ Texas, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM dbuss@psy.utexas.edu CR BUSS DM, 1984, BEHAV GENET, V14, P111 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1991, J PERS, V59, P663 BUSS DM, 1999, J PERS, V67, P209 BUSS DM, 2003, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR EAVES LJ, 1998, TWIN RES, V1, P131 FRIEDMAN HS, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P69 KELLER MC, 2005, BEHAV GENET, V35, P707, DOI 10.1007/s10519-005-6041-7 KYLHEKU LM, 1996, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V21, P497 LUND OCH, IN PRESS J RES PERSO WIGGINS JS, 1996, 5 FACTOR MODEL PERSO NR 11 TC 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 409 EP + PG 12 SC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences GA 114RJ UT ISI:000242683000029 ER PT J AU Fisher, HE Aron, A Brown, LL AF Fisher, Helen E. Aron, Arthur Brown, Lucy L. TI Romantic love: a mammalian brain system for mate choice SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE mate choice; romantic love; dopamine; oxytocin; vasopressin; evolution ID VOLES MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; RECEPTIVE FEMALE RATS; PRIMATE BASAL GANGLIA; MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; PRAIRIE VOLES; MACAQUE MONKEY AB Mammals and birds regularly express mate preferences and make mate choices. Data on mate choice among mammals suggest that this behavioural 'attraction system' is associated with dopaminergic reward pathways in the brain. It has been proposed that intense romantic love, a human cross-cultural universal, is a developed form of this attraction system. To begin to determine the neural mechanisms associated with romantic attraction in humans, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study 17 people who were intensely 'in love'. Activation specific to the beloved occurred in the brainstem right ventral tegmental area and right postero-dorsal body of the caudate nucleus. These and other results suggest that dopaminergic reward and motivation pathways contribute to aspects of romantic love. We also used fMRI to study 15 men and women who had just been rejected in love. Preliminary analysis showed activity specific to the beloved in related regions of the reward system associated with monetary gambling for uncertain large gains and losses, and in regions of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex associated with theory of mind, obsessive/compulsive behaviours and controlling anger. These data contribute to our view that romantic love is one of the three primary brain systems that evolved in avian and mammalian species to direct reproduction. The sex drive evolved to motivate individuals to seek a range of mating partners; attraction evolved to motivate individuals to prefer and pursue specific partners; and attachment evolved to motivate individuals to remain together long enough to complete species-specific parenting duties. These three behavioural repertoires appear to be based on brain systems that are largely distinct yet interrelated, and they interact in specific ways to orchestrate reproduction, using both hormones and monoamines. Romantic attraction in humans and its antecedent in other mammalian species play a primary role: this neural mechanism motivates individuals to focus their courtship energy on specific others, thereby conserving valuable time and metabolic energy, and facilitating mate choice. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Dept Neurosci, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. 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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 29 PY 2006 VL 361 IS 1476 BP 2173 EP 2186 DI 10.1098/rstb.2006.1938 PG 14 SC Biology GA 114SI UT ISI:000242685500009 ER PT J AU Geher, G Derieg, M Downey, HJ AF Geher, Glenn Derieg, Myles Downey, Heather J. TI Required parental investment and mating patterns: A quantitative analysis in the context of evolutionarily stable strategies SO SOCIAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CARE; SOCIOSEXUALITY; PSYCHOLOGY; JEALOUSY; TESTS AB Much social psychological research has been dedicated to understanding mating strategies from the standpoint of genetic-fitness payout (e.g., Simpson and Gangestad, 2000). The current work is designed to provide a coherent, quantitative model for predicting different classes of mating strategies in both males and females. Specifically, the framework developed in this paper is an elaboration of Dawkins' (1989) quantitative assessment of different male and female mating strategies. Dawkins suggests that the prevalence of different strategies employed should be predictable in terms of evolutionary stable strategies. In the current work, a quantitative analysis predicting the prevalence of different mating strategies within each sex was conducted. The mathematical functions derived suggest that variability in the costs associated with raising offspring affects the expected prevalence of mating strategies differently for males and females. According to the present model, variability in female strategies should be less affected by changes in parental investment (PI) than variability in male strategies. Important predictions regarding male and female mating strategies across cultures are discussed. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Geher, G, SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. EM geherg@newpaltz.edu CR 2002, GERMANY CHILDCARE LE BATEMAN AJ, 1948, HEREDITY, V2, P349 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1992, PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P251 BUSS DM, 2003, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR BUUNK BP, 1996, PSYCHOL SCI, V7, P359 CUNNINGHAM MR, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P925 DAWKINS R, 1989, SELFISH GENE GANGESTAD SW, 1997, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V18, P69 GANGESTAD SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573 GANGESTAD SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573 GROSS MR, 1982, Z TIERPSYCHOL, V60, P1 QUELLER DC, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P1555 SCHMITT DP, 2003, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V85, P85, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.85.1.85 SHACKELFORD TK, 1997, J SOC PERS RELAT, V14, P793 SIMPSON JA, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V60, P870 SIMPSON JA, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V76, P159 SMITH JM, 1988, GAMES SEX EVOLUTION THORNHILL R, 1994, PSYCHOL SCI, V5, P297 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P1871 WADE MJ, 2002, AM NAT, V160, P285 WEBB JN, 1999, ANIM BEHAV 5, V58, P983 WEEKSSHACKELFOR.VA, MATING INTELLIGENCE NR 23 TC 0 PU SOC STUDY SOCIAL BIOLOGY PI PORT ANGELES PA P O BOX 2349, PORT ANGELES, WA 98362 USA SN 0037-766X J9 SOC BIOL JI Soc. Biol. PD SPR-SUM PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 70 PG 17 SC Demography; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology GA 090BN UT ISI:000240925700004 ER PT J AU Ellis, L AF Ellis, Lee TI Sex, status, and criminality: A theoretical nexus SO SOCIAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMALE CHOICE; SOCIAL-CLASS; LEAD LEVELS; DELINQUENCY; BEHAVIOR; DOMINANCE; CRIME; TESTOSTERONE; AGGRESSION; HEREDITY AB This article offers a theoretical explanation for relationships between social status and involvement in serious and persistent criminal behavior from an evolutionary perspective. The theory's central premise is that natural selection has produced females who bias their mating choices toward males who strive for status. This bias has resulted in males devoting greater time and energy to status striving (relative to females). To account for why nearly all "victimizing" forms of criminality are more common among males than among females, the theory asserts that status striving exists along a continuum of competitive/victimizing behavior. One end of this continuum is epitomized by crude (criminal) forms of the behavior that societies generally discourage and even punish. The other end consists of sophisticated (commercial) forms that societies tolerate and even encourage. According to the theory, most males begin to exhibit non-playful forms of competitive/victimizing behavior around the onset of puberty as they start their reproductive careers. Adolescent males with the greatest abilities to learn will transition quickly from crude forms of competitive/victimizing behavior to more sophisticated forms, while males who have the greatest difficulties learning will transition more slowly. A major deduction from the theory is that genes on the Y-chromosome must be affecting the brain in ways that promote status-striving behavior. This deduction needs empirical scrutiny, although it is consistent with evidence (a) that the Y-chromosome transforms would-be ovaries into testes, the latter being specialized organs for the production of testosterone, and (b) that testosterone alters brain functioning in ways that contribute to both status striving and criminality. C1 Minot State Univ, Minot, ND 58707 USA. RP Ellis, L, Minot State Univ, Minot, ND 58707 USA. 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Biol. PD FAL-WIN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3-4 BP 144 EP 160 PG 17 SC Demography; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology GA 090BQ UT ISI:000240926000004 ER PT J AU Driscoll, C AF Driscoll, Catherine TI The bowerbirds and the bees: Miller on art, altruism, and sexual selection SO PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolutionary psychology; psychology of art; evolutionary explanations of altruism; sexual selection; group selection; cultural evolution ID EVOLUTION AB Geoffrey Miller argues that we can account for the evolution of human art and altruism via the action of sexual selection. He identifies five characteristics supposedly unique to sexual adaptations: fitness indicating cost; involvement in courtship; heritability; variability; and sexual differentiation. Miller claims that art and altruism possess these characteristics. I argue that not only does he not demonstrate that art and altruism possess these characteristics, one can also explain the origins of altruism via a form of group selection and traits with the five characteristics in terms of a process I call "cultural sexual selection.'' C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Driscoll, C, N Carolina State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Campus Box 8103, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM catherinedriscol@hotmail.com CR BOYD R, 1985, CULTURE EVOLUTIONARY BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CAVANAGH P, 2005, NATURE, V434, P301, DOI 10.1038/434301a COSMIDES L, 1987, LATEST BEST ESSAYS E, P277 DARWIN C, 1874, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO DAWKINS R, 1982, EXTENDED PHENOTYPE FISHER RA, 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT HAMILTON WD, 1963, AM NAT, V97, P354 HAWKES K, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P341 HEINRICH J, 1998, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V19, P215 HEINRICH J, 2004, FDN HUMAN SOCIALITY KAGEL JH, 1996, GAME ECON BEHAV, V13, P100 MILLER G, 2000, MATING MIND SEXUAL C SOBER E, 1998, OTHERS EVOLUTION PSY SOLTIS J, 1995, CURR ANTHROPOL, V36, P473 TOOBY J, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P19 TRIVERS RL, 1971, Q REV BIOL, V46, P35 ZAHAVI A, 1975, J THEOR BIOL, V53, P205 ZAHAVI A, 1997, HANDICAP PRINCIPLE M NR 19 TC 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0951-5089 J9 PHILOS PSYCHOL JI Philos. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 507 EP 526 DI 10.1080/09515080600806575 PG 20 SC Ethics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 071IF UT ISI:000239592800007 ER PT J AU Moore, FR Cassidy, C Smith, MJL Perrett, DI TI The effects of female control of resources on sex-differentiated mate preferences SO EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE mate preferences; sex differences; control of resources; cultural constraints ID CROSS-CULTURAL-ANALYSIS; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; SELECTION CRITERIA; HEALTH RESEARCH; TRADE-OFFS; STRATEGIES; BEHAVIOR; ORIGINS; AGE AB A number of sex differences in mate preferences have been reported across cultures. Women prefer partners who are older than them whereas men prefer partners who are younger than them. Women have stronger preferences for resource-acquisition characteristics whereas men have stronger preferences for physical attractiveness. Recently, studies have reported shifts in female preferences with increasing female empowerment and associated female attitudes. Other studies, however, report opposite effects of female wealth and income. In this study, we investigated the effects of female control of the resources necessary to raise offspring successfully on mate preferences. We developed measures of resource control at the level of the individual and investigated relationships between these and mate preferences using an internet survey. Resource control was associated with preferences for physical attractiveness over good financial prospects and greater maximum partner age tolerated. Resource control, however, was also associated with tolerance of younger partners. The results implicate the role of constraints on female access to and control of resources in sex-differentiated mate preferences and highlight differences between resource control and wealth. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. RP Moore, FR, Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. EM frm2@st-andrews.ac.uk CR BATEMAN AJ, 1948, HEREDITY, V2, P349 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P39 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 CASHDAN E, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P1 COHEN J, 2003, APPL MULTIPLE REGRES DUNCAN GJ, 2002, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V92, P1151 EAGLY AH, 1999, AM PSYCHOL, V54, P408 FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 FEINGOLD A, 1991, BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH, V12, P357 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 GANGESTAD SW, 1993, HUM NATURE, V4, P205 GANGESTAD SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573 GILBURMANN C, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P493 HILL R, 1945, J HOME ECON, V37, P554 HRDY SB, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P1 JOHANNESENSCHMIDT MC, 2002, PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART, V26, P322 KALMIJN M, 1991, AM J SOCIOL, V97, P496 KALMIJN M, 1994, AM J SOCIOL, V100, P422 KASSER T, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P374 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 KOYAMA NF, 2004, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V25, P327, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.06.004 KRAUT R, 2004, AM PSYCHOL, V59, P105, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.105 KRIEGER N, 1997, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V18, P341 LI NP, 2002, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V82, P947 LITTLE AC, 2001, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V268, P39 LITTLE AC, 2002, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V269, P1095 LOW BS, 1990, INT J CONT SOCIOLOGY, V27, P49 OTTA E, 1999, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V20, P99 SMUTS RW, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P33 SMUTS RW, 1991, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V12, P409 SMUTS RW, 1991, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V12, P77 TABACHNICK BG, 2001, USING MULTIVARIATE S TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P241 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 WAYNFORTH D, 1995, BEHAVIOUR 9-10, V132, P755 WAYNFORTH D, 1999, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V20, P19 WAYNFORTH D, 2001, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V12, P207 WEST FG, 1995, STRUCTURAL EQUATION, P56 WHYTE M, 1978, ETHNOLOGY, V17, P211 WHYTE MK, 1979, STATUS WOMEN PREINDU WIEDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 WOOD W, 2002, PSYCHOL BULL, V128, P699, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.128.5.699 YANCA C, 2004, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V25, P9, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00065-5 NR 47 TC 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1090-5138 J9 EVOL HUM BEHAV JI Evol. Hum. Behav. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 27 IS 3 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.08.003 PG 13 SC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA 042BX UT ISI:000237503200003 ER PT C AU Minervini, BP McAndrew, FT TI The mating strategies and mate preferences of mail order brides SO CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper DE mail order brides; female mate preferences; human mating strategies; cross-cultural comparison; evolutionary psychology ID LONELY HEARTS ADVERTISEMENTS; TO-HIP RATIO; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; PERSONAL ADVERTISEMENTS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; AGE PREFERENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SELECTION CRITERIA; INVOLVEMENT LEVEL; EVOLUTIONARY AB Two studies explored the mating strategies and mate preferences of mail order brides (MOBs) from three different countries. In the first study, 48 Colombian MOBs were compared with 44 single Colombian women who were not MOBs on a variety of attitudinal and demographic characteristics. Both groups also identified qualities that they wished to communicate about themselves to a prospective mate, qualities that they most desired in a mate, and qualities that they believed were most highly sought after by a prospective mate. In the second study, the expressed mate preferences of 60 MOBs from Colombia, Russia, and the Philippines were compared. With only minor cross-cultural variability, both studies confirmed the importance of characteristics such as commitment, ambition, and sexual fidelity that have been identified in previous studies of female mate choice. The results are discussed within a framework of evolutionary explanations for mate preferences in human females. C1 Knox Coll, Dept Psychol, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. RP McAndrew, FT, Knox Coll, Dept Psychol, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. EM fmcandre@knox.edu CR BAIZE HR, 1995, J SOC BEHAV PERS, V10, P517 BARRETT L, 2002, HUMAN EVOLUTIONARY P BERECZKEI T, 1996, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V17, P17 BETZIG L, 1989, CURR ANTHROPOL, V30, P654 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1994, AM SCI, V82, P238 BUSS DM, 1996, HDB BASIC PRINCIPLES, P3 BUSS DM, 2001, J MARRIAGE FAM, V63, P491 BUSS DM, 2004, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 BUUNK BP, 2001, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V22, P241 CAMPBELL DT, 1959, PSYCHOL BULL, V56, P81 CAMPOS LD, 2002, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V23, P395 FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 GANGESTAD SW, 1997, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V18, P69 GOODE E, 1996, SEX ROLES, V34, P141 GRAMMER K, 1989, SOCIOBIOLOGY SEXUAL, P147 GREENLEES IA, 1994, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V15, P59 JOHNSTON VS, 2001, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V22, P251 KASSER T, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P374 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 KENRICK DT, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V64, P951 KENRICK DT, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P1499 KOJIMA Y, 2001, WOMEN STUD INT FORUM, V24, P199 LOW BS, 2000, WHY SEX MATTERS DARW LYNN M, 1984, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V10, P349 MULDER MB, 1988, HUMAN REPROD BEHAV D, P65 PAWLOWSKI B, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P281 PAWLOWSKI B, 2002, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V23, P139 PERUSSE D, 1994, HUMAN NATURE, V5, P256 SINGH D, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V65, P293 SINGH D, 1995, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V16, P483 SITTON S, 1995, PSYCHOL REP 2, V77, P1185 THIESSEN D, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P209 THORNHILL R, 1997, BIOL REV, V72, P497 THORNHILL R, 1999, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V20, P175 TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P241 WAYNFORTH D, 1995, BEHAVIOUR 9-10, V132, P755 WIEDERMAN MW, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P331 WILSON A, 1998, ANTHR 90S, P114 WOOD W, 2002, PSYCHOL BULL, V128, P699, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.128.5.699 NR 44 TC 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1069-3971 J9 CROSS-CULT RES JI Cross-Cult. Res. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 111 EP 129 DI 10.1177/1069397105277237 PG 19 SC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary GA 033LW UT ISI:000236850300001 ER PT J AU Clark, SC Dover, AM Geher, G Presson, PK TI Perceptions of self and of ideal mates: Similarities and differences across the sexes SO CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREFERENCES; EVOLUTION AB For 19 mating-relevant traits, single males (N = 53) and single females (N = 86) rated (a) themselves relative to their same-sex peers, (b) their perceptions of the qualities desired by members of the opposite sex in an ideal partner, and (c) the qualities desired in their own ideal romantic partner. Several themes emerged from the data. First, males' and females' judgments of what members of the opposite-sex seek were generally accurate. Second, males and females both feel that they fall short of perceived opposite-sex expectations in a few areas. Third, both males and females desire an ideal partner better than themselves, but this is especially true for females. These findings are discussed in terms of evolutionary social psychological principles. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. Utah Valley State Coll, Orem, UT 84058 USA. RP Geher, G, SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, 75 S Manheim Blvd, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. EM geherg@newpaltz.edu CR BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1992, PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P251 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR BUSS DM, 1999, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL BUSS DM, 2001, J MARRIAGE FAM, V63, P491 COSMIDES L, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P163 FALLON AE, 1985, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V94, P102 KREBS KL, 1997, EVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL, P21 ROSS L, 1991, PERSON SITUATION PER SHACKELFORD TK, 1997, EVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL, P73 SIMPSON JA, 1997, EVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL SINGH D, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V65, P293 TAYLOR SE, 1988, PSYCHOL BULL, V103, P193 TRIVERS R, 1985, SOCIAL EVOLUTION TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 NR 15 TC 0 PU TRANSACTION PUBLISHERS PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 1046-1310 J9 CURR PSYCHOL JI Curr. Psychol. PD FAL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 180 EP 202 PG 23 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 012RR UT ISI:000235357500004 ER PT C AU Fisher, H Aron, A Brown, LL TI Romantic love: An fMRI study of a neural mechanism for mate choice SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper DE romantic love; dopamine; fMRI; mate choice ID FEMALE PRAIRIE VOLES; PAIR BOND FORMATION; MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; CAUDATE-NUCLEUS; CORTICAL INPUTS; BASAL GANGLIA; REWARD; STRIATUM; MONKEY AB Scientists have described myriad traits in mammalian and avian species that evolved to attract mates. But the brain mechanisms by which conspecifics become attracted to these traits is largely unknown. Yet mammals and birds express mate preferences and make mate choices, and data suggest that this "attraction system" is associated with the dopaminergic reward system. It has been proposed that intense romantic love, a cross-cultural universal, is a developed form of this attraction system. To determine the neural mechanisms associated with romantic love we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and studied 17 people who were intensely "in love" (Aron et al. [20051 J Neurophysiol 94:327-337). Activation specific to the beloved occurred in the right ventral tegmental area and right caudate nucleus, dopamine-rich areas associated with mammalian reward and motivation. These and other results suggest that dopaminergic reward pathways contribute to the "general arousal" component of romantic love; romantic love is primarily a motivation system, rather than an emotion; this drive is distinct from the sex drive; romantic love changes across time; and romantic love shares biobehavioral similarities with mammalian attraction. We propose that this attraction mechanism evolved to enable individuals to focus their mating energy on specific others, thereby conserving energy and facilitating mate choice-a primary aspect of reproduction. Last, the corticostriate system, with its potential for combining diverse cortical information with reward signals, is an excellent anatomical substrate for the complex factors contributing to romantic love and mate choice. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Fisher, H, Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. 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Comp. Neurol. PD DEC 5 PY 2005 VL 493 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1002/cne.20772 PG 5 SC Neurosciences; Zoology GA 984IL UT ISI:000233296400011 ER PT J AU Martin, JL TI Is power sexy? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; INTERPERSONAL-ATTRACTION; LOGISTIC REGRESSIONS; SOCIAL NETWORKS; EMPIRICAL-TEST; LOGIT-MODELS; DOMINANCE; ORIGINS; COMMUNITIES; PERCEPTION AB Using a set of network data from a large number of naturally occurring groups, this study seeks to determine whether powerful people are more likely to be seen as sexy by others than are persons without power. In particular, this study disentangles two aspects of power that are often confused, namely power as a dyadic relationship and power as an individual characteristic or position ( which the author calls "status"). Most sociological theories that predict a relationship between power and sexiness argue that the connection will involve men of high status being sexier - or at least more attractive as partners - to women than will men of low status. While this study finds that there is indeed a connection between sexiness and power, it is instead women whose high status increases their sexiness ( to men), while it is the interpersonal power of men that makes them sexy, both to men and to women. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sociol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Martin, JL, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sociol, 1180 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. 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J. Sociol. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 111 IS 2 BP 408 EP 446 PG 39 SC Sociology GA 983OG UT ISI:000233241400002 ER PT J AU Hartz, A Watson, D Noyes, R TI Applied study of affinities for personal attributes using an epidemiological model SO SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; MARITAL SATISFACTION; CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS; MATE PREFERENCES; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SELECTION; HEALTH; DISSOLUTION; FRIENDSHIP AB Relationship choices are critical to one's psychological and physical well-being. Yet prior investigations of factors that influence these choices have been determinedly nonutilitarian. Many studies have assessed the attractiveness of specific personal attributes, the benefits of having attractive or unattractive characteristics, and the influence of evolutionary pressures on the attractiveness of certain qualities. However, attributes have not been investigated for their effect on those who have an affinity for them in today's society. Research should be directed toward identifying affinities that are normative but maladaptive because they decrease the likelihood of forming good relationships. This research would parallel epidemiological studies of risk factors for health problems and would yield information that could be used to improve relationship choices. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Family Med, Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Psychol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Hartz, A, Univ Iowa, Dept Family Med, Carver Coll Med, 01292-D PFP, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. 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Behav. Pers. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 7 BP 635 EP 650 PG 16 SC Psychology, Social GA 976LQ UT ISI:000232735400002 ER PT J AU Pillsworth, EG Haselton, MG TI The evolution of coupling SO PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID 37 CULTURES; HADZA MEN; REPRODUCTION; PERSPECTIVE; PREFERENCES; HYPOTHESES; FORAGERS; POLYGYNY; LOVE C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Behav Evolut & Culture, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Pillsworth, EG, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Behav Evolut & Culture, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 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Inq. PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2-3 BP 98 EP 104 PG 7 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 952XR UT ISI:000231039900004 ER PT J AU Hasenkamp, A Kummerling, A Hassebrauck, M TI Are blind men looking for beautiful women? Evolutionary psychology and sociocultural explanations for mate-choice decisions SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SOZIALPSYCHOLOGIE LA German DT Article DE mate preferences; gender differences; evolutionary psychology; structural powerlessness; equity theory; physical attractiveness; resources; birth-blindness ID PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SELECTION CRITERIA; GENDER DIFFERENCES; PREFERENCES; SOCIOBIOLOGY; STRATEGIES; INEQUITY; WOMAN; AGE AB Cross-cultural research on mate preferences shows that women usually prefer an older, wealthy mate while men value a juvenile and physically attractive mate. Individuals who are blind from birth are incapable of visually perceiving physical attractiveness. Furthermore, a large number of blind-from-birth individuals seem to have restricted access to material resources. In this study, the mate preferences of 57 individuals who are blind from birth (30 women, 27 men) and 62 seeing individuals (32 women, 30 men) were assessed via telephone interview. Results indicate that physical attractiveness was more important to blind women than to blind men. Blind men, on the other hand, tended to value physical attractiveness and material security less than seeing men. These results are discussed in the context of evolutionary psychology and theories of structural powerlessness and equity. C1 Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, FB Sozialpsychol, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Hassebrauck, M, Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, FB Sozialpsychol, Gaussstr 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. 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Soz. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1024/0044-3514.36.2.77 PG 13 SC Psychology, Social GA 939OE UT ISI:000230081500003 ER PT J AU Myers, JE Madathil, J Tingle, LR TI Marriage satisfaction and wellness in India and the United States: A preliminary comparison of arranged marriages and marriages of choice SO JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MARITAL SATISFACTION; QUALITY; STABILITY; CONTEXT; COUPLES; MODEL; LOVE AB Forty-five individuals (22 couples and 1 widowed person) living in arranged marriages in India completed questionnaires measuring marital satisfaction and wellness. The data were compared with existing data on individuals in the United States living in marriages of choice. Differences were found in importance of marital characteristics, but no differences in satisfaction were found. Differences were also found in 9 of 19 wellness scales between the 2 groups. Implications for further research are considered. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Counseling & Educ Dev, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. RP Myers, JE, Univ N Carolina, Dept Counseling & Educ Dev, POB 26171, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. 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Couns. Dev. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 SC Psychology, Applied GA 928YY UT ISI:000229309200007 ER PT J AU Benz, JJ Anderson, MK Miller, RL TI Attributions of deception in dating situations SO PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD LA English DT Article ID MATE SELECTION PREFERENCES; GENDER DIFFERENCES; MATING STRATEGIES; ATTRACTION AB Mate selection criteria for humans, and the concept of deception as a mating strategy, have both been demonstrated by past research. This study provides evidence that men and women believe that the mate selection criteria used by one sex corresponds to the deceptive tactics used by the opposite sex. A survey of the deceptive techniques used by men and women was completed by 62 women and 30 men. Results showed that both men and women believe that men attempt to deceive women about their financial status and level of commitment, and that women attempt to deceive men about their physical attractiveness. Thus, both sexes expect deception by the opposite sex in evolutionarily relevant areas of mate choice. These results support the theory that men and women attempt to deceive potential mates about evolutionarily relevant characteristics, but the opposite sex is aware of these likely deceptions. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Psychol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. RP Benz, JJ, Univ Nebraska, Dept Psychol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. EM joebenz@unk.edu CR BUSS DM, 1985, AM SCI, V73, P47 BUSS DM, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P616 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 HATFIELD E, 1995, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V26, P728 KEENAN JP, 1997, J SOC BEHAV PERS, V12, P45 SPRECHER S, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1074 TOOKE W, 1991, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V12, P345 NR 11 TC 0 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD PI GAMBIER PA KENYON COLLEGE, GAMBIER, OH 43022 USA SN 0033-2933 J9 PSYCHOL REC JI Psychol. Rec. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 923UJ UT ISI:000228934500008 ER PT J AU Khallad, Y TI Mate selection in Jordan: Effects of sex, socio-economic status, and culture SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article DE culture; Jordanians; mate preferences; sex; socio-economic status; values ID PREFERENCES; STRATEGIES; GENDER; EVOLUTIONARY; REMARRIAGES; BEHAVIOR; CRITERIA; ORIGINS; LEVEL; AGE AB The present study replicated Buss et al.'s (2001) international survey of mate preferences for long-term relationships within an Arab Jordanian context. As predicted, the findings confirmed the existence of commonly reported sex differences, in that our sample of Jordanian male college students showed greater interest in potential mates' good looks and youth compared to female students, who displayed greater preference for mates exhibiting economic ability and commitment. The findings further indicated that women's differential preferences for resource- and commitment-related attributes were mainly determined by sex rather than by socioeconomic status. The study also found that Jordanians value the same attributes that have been universally considered important to have in a mate, namely love, kindness, and a pleasing disposition. Belonging to a developing traditional society, this sample of Jordanian students, as anticipated, included religiosity and refinement/neatness among their top preferences. Also, the study corroborated the casually observed social phenomenon of aversion to marrying divorcees among Jordanians, with men in this sample being particularly disinclined to seek this type of mate. The findings are discussed in the context of some evolutionary and sociocultural notions posited in explanations of mating behavior. C1 Amer Univ Cairo, Dept Psychol, Cairo 11511, Egypt. RP Khallad, Y, Amer Univ Cairo, Dept Psychol, Cairo 11511, Egypt. EM ykhallad@aucegypt.edu CR BRAND LA, 1998, WOMEN STATE POLITICA BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1994, AM SCI, V82, P238 BUSS DM, 2001, J MARRIAGE FAM, V63, P491 BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 DALY M, 1982, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V3, P11 DALY M, 1983, SEX EVOLUTION BEHAV DALY M, 1996, SEX POWER CONFLICT E, P9 DICKEMANN M, 1981, MATURAL SELECTION SO, P417 DOOSJE B, 1999, SEX ROLES, V40, P45 DOUMATO EA, 2003, WOMEN GLOBALIZATION EAGLY AH, 1999, AM PSYCHOL, V54, P408 EAGLY AH, 2004, PSYCHOL GENDER, P269 ELSAADAWI N, 1980, HIDDEN FACE EVE WOME GANGESTAD SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573 GODOSIJEVIC B, 2003, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V1, P116 HOBART C, 1991, J DIVORCE REMARRIAGE, V15, P69 HOFSTEDE G, 1980, EXPLICATIONS CROSS C, P535 INGLEHART R, 2003, RISING TIDE GENDER E KASSER T, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P374 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 KENRICK DT, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V64, P951 LUSZYK D, 2001, Z SOZIALPSYCHOLOGIE SMITH PB, 1998, SOCIAL PSYCHOL CULTU TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P173 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P36 TZANNATOS Z, 2003, WOMEN GLOBALIZATION, P55 WHITE LK, 1985, AM SOCIOL REV, V50, P689 WIEDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 WOOD W, 2002, PSYCHOL BULL, V128, P699, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.128.5.699 NR 32 TC 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0265-4075 J9 J SOC PERSON RELAT JI J. Soc. Pers. Relatsh. PD APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 155 EP 168 DI 10.1177/0265407505050940 PG 14 SC Communication; Psychology, Social GA 921CR UT ISI:000228742300001 ER PT J AU Safir, MP Flaisher-Kellner, S Rosenmann, A TI When gender differences surpass cultural differences in personal satisfaction with body shape in Israeli college students SO SEX ROLES LA English DT Article DE gender difference; cultural differences; body image; Israel ID EATING-DISORDERS; FIGURE RATINGS; IMAGE; EXPECTATIONS; SELF; PREFERENCES; AMERICAN; THINNESS; ANOREXIA; BULIMIA AB This study was designed to examine influences of gender and cultural background on participants satisfaction with body-shape. Participants were Jewish and Arab university students (104 men and 96 women), who completed the Figure Rating Scale (Fallon T Rozin, 1985). Discrepancy between current and ideal figures was used to measure body satisfaction. As in the U.S., women, in comparison with men, were significantly less satisfied with their bodies. They exaggerated the magnitude of thinness that they thought men desire. In contrast with U.S. findings, there were women as well as men, who indicated dissatisfaction with their bodies because they thought they were too thin. Contrary to our predictions, cultural background did not influence body satisfaction. However, gender and age produced significant differences in ratings. C1 Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. RP Safir, MP, Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. EM msafir@psy.haifa.ac.il CR *ISR CENTR BUR STA, 2000, STAT ABSTR ISR 51 ABUBAKER K, 1985, WOMENS WORLDS, P246 ALHAJ M, 1995, J COMP FAM STUD, V3, P311 ANDERSEN AE, 1992, INT J EAT DISORDER, V11, P283 APTER A, 1994, GEN SOC GEN PSYCHOL, V120, P85 BACKMAN DR, 2002, J NUTR EDUC BEHAV, V34, P184 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CASH TF, 1986, PSYCHOL TODAY, V20, P30 CASH TF, 1990, BODY IMAGES DEV DEVI CASH TF, 1990, BODY IMAGES DEV DEVI, P51 CASH TF, 1990, COGNITIVE THER RES, V14, P327 CASH TF, 1997, INT J EAT DISORDER, V22, P107 CRANDALL CS, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P882 FALLON A, 1990, BODY IMAGES DEV DEVI, P80 FALLON AE, 1985, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V94, P102 FEINGOLD A, 1998, PSYCHOL SCI, V9, P190 FORD KA, 1990, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V34, P501 FURNHAM A, 1983, PSYCHOL MED, V13, P829 GARNER DM, 1980, PSYCHOL REP, V47, P483 GLUCK ME, 2002, EATING BEHAV, V3, P143 GOODICHAVRAM C, 1998, THESIS U HAIFA HAIFA HAMILTON K, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V162, P837 HARVEY JA, 2003, J CLIN PSYCHOL MED S, V10, P297 HASSAN M, 1993, CALLING EQUALITY BLU, P66 HUTCHINSON MG, 1994, FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE, P152 KALODNER CR, 1997, EATING DISORDERS, V5, P47 KHAZAN FS, 1993, CALLING EQUALITY BLU, P82 KILBOURNE J, 1994, FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE, P395 MAHLER MS, 1982, J AM PSYCHOANAL ASS, V30, P827 MINTZ LB, 1999, PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART, V23, P781 NASSER M, 1994, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V29, P25 NASSER M, 1997, CULTURE WEIGHT CONSC OGDEN J, 1996, EUR EAT DISORD REV, V4, P171 PETRIE TA, 1996, SEX ROLES, V35, P581 PRUZINSKY T, 1990, BODY IMAGES DEV DEVI, P337 REYNOLDS T, 1999, FOCUS NEWS HARV 0529, P1 ROTHBLUM ED, 1994, FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE, P53 STUNKARD AJ, 1983, GENETICS NEUROLOGICA, P115 THOMPSON JK, 1988, INT J EAT DISORDER, V7, P813 THOMPSON K, 1990, BODY IMAGES DEV DEVI, P21 THOMPSON K, 1996, BODY IMAGE EATING DI TIGGEMANN M, 1988, SEX ROLES, V18, P75 TIGGEMANN M, 1998, INT J EAT DISORDER, V23, P83 WISEMAN CV, 1992, INT J EAT DISORDER, V11, P85 WOOD KC, 1996, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P85 NR 45 TC 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0360-0025 J9 SEX ROLES JI Sex Roles PD MAR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5-6 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s11199-005-2679-0 PG 10 SC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Social; Women's Studies GA 918HT UT ISI:000228533600009 ER PT J AU Tallis, F TI Crazy for you SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ROMANTIC LOVE EM franktallis@blueyonder.co.uk CR BABB L, 1951, ELIZABETHAN MALADY S BARTELS A, 2000, NEUROREPORT, V11, P3829 BURTON R, 2001, ANATOMY MELANCHALY BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 DAWKINS R, 1999, SELFISH GENE HATFIELD E, 1988, PSYCHOL LOVE, P191 LEE JA, 1973, COLORS LOVE MARAZZITI D, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P741 MILLER G, 2001, MATING MIND SEXUAL C NAUMANN E, 2001, LOVE FIRST SIGHT STO PORTER R, 2002, MADNESS BRIEF HIST ROLLINS BC, 1970, J MARRIAGE FAM, V32, P20 STERNBERG RJ, 1986, PSYCHOL REV, V93, P119 TALLIS F, 2004, LOVE SICK LOVE MENTA TENNOV D, 1979, LOVE LIMERENCE EXPER TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 NR 16 TC 1 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 72 EP 74 PG 3 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 896IU UT ISI:000226928600023 ER PT C AU Dayan, S Clark, K Ho, AA TI Altering first impressions after facial plastic surgery SO AESTHETIC PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Proceedings Paper DE cosmetic; facial; first, impression; surgery ID CRANIOFACIAL ANOMALIES; ATTRACTIVENESS AB Background: First impressions are greatly influenced by facial appearance. Clinical data from psychiatric medicine overwhelming indicate that attractive individuals receive better judgment, treatment and behavior [1,2,10]. This study aimed to determine whether cosmetic alteration of facial features projects a better first impression. Methods: Random reviewers were asked independently to grade standardized preoperative and postoperative photographs of patients who underwent facial plastic surgery. The reviewers were blinded to the pre- or postoperative status of the photograph. The questions posed to the reviewers were based on first-impression studies used in the past. Results: The findings indicate that postoperative cosmetic surgery patients were graded as 31% more attractive, 27% better in social skills, 22% more successful in dating, 19% better in athletic skills, 15% better in relationship skills, and 13% more financially successful. Conclusions: Facial cosmetic surgery can improve the first impression an individual creates. C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60657 USA. RP Dayan, S, Univ Illinois, 2913 Commonwealth St,Suite 430, Chicago, IL 60657 USA. EM Docdayan@aol.com CR BERSCHEID E, 1974, ADV EXPT SOC PSYCHOL, V7 BRAHNAM S, 2001, P UM2001 WORKSH ATT BULL R, 1988, SOC PSYCHOL FACIAL A BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CELLERINO A, 2003, J ENDOCRINOL INVES S, V263, P45 LANGLOIS JH, 2000, PSYCHOL BULL, V126, P390 LEMLEY B, 2000, DISCOVER, V21, P1 MCLELLAN B, 1993, CAN J BEHAV SCI, V25, P135 PENTONVOAK IS, 1999, NATURE, V399, P741 POPE AW, 1997, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V22, P455 RANKIN M, 1998, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V102, P2139 RANKIN M, 2003, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V111, P2140, DOI 10.1097/01.PRS.0000060105.63335.0C SEGHERS MJ, 1964, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V34, P382 SPELTZ ML, 1997, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V22, P433 TOLLETH H, 1987, CLIN PLAST SURG, V14, P585 TOWNSEND JM, 1990, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V19, P149 NR 16 TC 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-216X J9 AESTHET PLAST SURG JI Aesthet. Plast. Surg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s00266-004-1017-1 PG 6 SC Surgery GA 881JT UT ISI:000225864500008 ER PT J AU Lalonde, RN Hynie, M Pannu, M Tatla, S TI The role of culture in interpersonal relationships - Do second generation South Asian Canadians want a traditional partner? SO JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mate selection; interdependence; family allocentrism; South Asian; cross-cultural ID INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; IMMIGRANT FAMILIES; UNITED-STATES; GROUP NORMS; GENDER; ACCULTURATION; VALUES; WOMEN AB Two studies examined the influence of Eastern cultural heritage on relationship preferences among second generation immigrants to the West, and explicitly tested the mediating roles of interdependence and familial cultural influence in mate preferences. The first used a between-subjects approach to compare the preferred mate attributes of South Asian Canadians (n = 97) to those of Euro-Canadians (n = 89). The second study used a within-subject approach by using the strength of cultural identity of South Asian Canadians (n = 92) as a predictor of preferred attributes. Both studies found a culture influence on "traditional" mate attribute preferences. Moreover, familial cultural influence (e.g., family allocentrism) was a better mediator of the culture-traditional attribute preference relationship than the more generic measure of interdependent self-construal. The results further suggest that a cross-cultural approach, rather than a strength-of-cultural-identity approach, is better suited to tap into non-conscious influences of culture on behavior. C1 Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Lalonde, RN, Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. 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Cross-Cult. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35 IS 5 BP 503 EP 524 DI 10.1177/0022022104268386 PG 22 SC Psychology, Social GA 845OO UT ISI:000223254400001 ER PT J AU Gottschall, J Martin, J Quish, H Rea, J TI Sex differences in mate choice criteria are reflected in folktales from around the world and in historical European literature SO EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE mate preferences; sex differences; folktales; content analysis ID GENDER DIFFERENCES; EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; SELECTION PREFERENCES; MATING PREFERENCES; STRATEGIES; ADVERTISEMENTS; PERSPECTIVE; SAMPLE AB This article reports results of a multiple-coder content analysis of the mate preferences of characters in two different sources of literary data: 658 traditional folktales from 48 different culture areas and plot and character summaries from 240 works taken to be representative of Western literature. This study represents an attempt to extend some of the mate preference findings of Buss [Behav. Brain. Sci. 12 (1989a) 1] in a large data set of non-Western, preindustrial populations. A prominent criticism of Buss was that a preponderance of data was gathered from Western or westernized societies and, as a result, it was not possible to rule out the conclusion that regularities in mate preferences resulted from cultural transfer rather than from evolved sexual psychology. By including information derived from band, tribal, and preindustrial state populations, the current study attempts to address concerns based on the possibility of cross-cultural transfer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 St Lawrence Univ, 1st Year Program, Canton, NY 13617 USA. RP Gottschall, J, St Lawrence Univ, 1st Year Program, Canton, NY 13617 USA. EM jgottschall@stlawu.edu CR MASTERPLOTS 2010 PLO 1995, CYCLOPEDIA LIT CHARA BAIZE HR, 1995, J SOC BEHAV PERS, V10, P517 BASU J, 2001, PSYCHOLOGIA, V44, P281 BORGIA G, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BORGIA G, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P16 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P39 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1992, ADAPTED MIND BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1994, AM SCI, V82, P238 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR BUSS DM, 1998, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 CAMPBELL J, 1949, HERO THOUSAND FACES CARROLL J, IN PRESS LIT HUMAN A CHUANG Y, 2002, CHINESE J PSYCHOL, V44, P75 CRAMER RE, 1996, CURR PSYCHOL, V15, P157 DALY M, 1998, TRUTH CINDERELLA DICKEMANN M, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P19 DICKINSON AM, 1989, BEHAV ANALYST, V12, P1 FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 FREUD S, 1980, INTERPRETATION DREAM GOTTSCHALL J, 2004, HUMAN NATURE, V15, P365 JENSENCAMPBELL LA, 1995, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V68, P427 JUNG CG, 1930, SPIRIT MAN ART LIT, V15, P84 KASSER T, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P374 KNODEL J, 1997, J SEX RES, V34, P292 KRIPPENDORFF K, 1980, CONTENT ANAL INTRO I LASZLO J, 2003, EMPIRICAL STUDIES AR, V23, P1 LUSZYK D, 2001, Z SOZIALPSYCHOL, V32, P95 MURDOCK GP, 1957, AM ANTHROPOL, V59, P664 MURDOCK GP, 1981, ATLAS WORLD CULTURES NEUENDORF K, 2002, CONTENT ANAL GUIDEBO RAGLAN FRS, 1936, HERO STUDY TRADITION RANK O, 1909, MYTH BIRTH HERO REGAN PC, 2000, J PSYCHOL HUMAN SEXU, V12, P1 SALMON C, 2001, WARRIOR LOVERS EROTI SCHRAM D, 2001, PSYCHOL SOCIOLOGY LI SPRECHER S, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1074 VICKERS B, 2002, SHAKESPEARE COAUTHOR WALTER A, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P113 WAYNFORTH D, 1995, BEHAVIOUR 9-10, V132, P755 WEBER RP, 1990, BASIC CONTENT ANAL WIEDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 WIEDERMAN MW, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P331 NR 47 TC 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1090-5138 J9 EVOL HUM BEHAV JI Evol. Hum. Behav. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 102 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S1090-5138(04)00007-8 PG 11 SC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA 815IU UT ISI:000221036800003 ER PT J AU Montoya, RM Horton, RS TI On the importance of cognitive evaluation as a determinant of interpersonal attraction SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR RELATION; HUMAN MATE SELECTION; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SIMILARITY-DISSIMILARITY; ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTATION; PERSONALITY SIMILARITY; MARRIAGE ADJUSTMENT; ASSUMED SIMILARITY; INTEGRATION THEORY; SELF-ESTEEM AB Three studies examined a model of attraction in which the cognitive evaluation of the target individual was the primary determinant of interpersonal attraction. In Study 1, the cognitive evaluation of the target individual mediated the influence of attitude similarity on interpersonal attraction. In Study 2, a path analysis revealed significant indirect effects of (a) similarity on cognitive evaluation via the valence of information implied by attitudes and (b) the valence of information implied by attitudes on attraction via cognitive evaluation of the target. Study 3 provided empirical and theoretical support for the uniqueness of interpersonal attraction from cognitive evaluation. The implications of these data for existing attraction theory are discussed, and a new model of interpersonal attraction is described. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Wabash Coll, Dept Psychol, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA. RP Montoya, RM, Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, CB 3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. 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Pers. Soc. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 86 IS 5 BP 696 EP 712 DI 10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.696 PG 17 SC Psychology, Social GA 813YL UT ISI:000220942300004 ER PT J AU Peterson, ZD TI Challenging evolutionary theories of sex differences and rape: An interdisciplinary response to Thornhill and Palmer SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Peterson, ZD, Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM zoep@ku.edu CR BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 GOODE E, 2000, NY TIMES 0314, F1 ROSENFELD M, 2001, WASHINGTON POST 0128, C1 THORNHILL R, 2000, NATURAL HIST RAPE BI TRAVIS CB, 2003, CHALLENGING EVOLUTIO VERGANO D, 2000, US TODAY 0118, D8 WHITE JW, 1998, HUMAN AGGRESSION THE, P205 NR 7 TC 0 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 41 IS 1 BP 118 EP 120 PG 3 SC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary GA 800PV UT ISI:000220041100015 ER PT J AU Moy, JA McKinley-Grant, L Sanchez, MR TI Cultural aspects in the treatment of patients with skin disease SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID CONTACT-DERMATITIS; HEALTH-CARE; UNITED-STATES; FOLK REMEDIES; CHINESE HERBS; PUERTO-RICO; COMMUNITY; AMERICANS; MEDICINE; WOMEN AB By the year 2050, ethnoracial groups are projected to constitute up to 47.5% of the total United States population. Ethnoracial subpopulations have diverse belief systems, values, and needs that influence their receptiveness to health care services and compliance with prescribed treatments. Professional health organizations, academic centers, governmental agencies, and insurance companies now recognize the importance of providing culturally and linguistically competent health care to these communities. This article discusses customs, spiritual beliefs, traditions, health concepts, folk therapy preferences, and other cultural characteristics of African Americans, Latinos, and Chinese Asians, the three largest ethnoracial groups in the country. Awareness of these differences can help practitioners deliver culturally appropriate and more effective health care to their patients. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Off H100, New York, NY 10016 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Sanchez, MR, NYU, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Off H100, 560 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. 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Clin. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 733 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8635(03)00088-3 PG 11 SC Dermatology GA 755RE UT ISI:000187424600016 ER PT J AU Lewis, BP Gurung, RAR TI Mixing, matching, and mating: Demonstrating the effect of contrast on relationship satisfaction SO TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAME AB We extended earlier demonstrations of the matching phenomenon (individuals choose romantic partners who tend to match them on a variety of traits) to demonstrate several relationship issues including contrast effects, the impact of alternative mates on relationship satisfaction, and social exchange and equity theories. Students first place playing cards of differing values on their foreheads and pair with another student to achieve the highest combined card value. Students are unaware of their own card value. After all have paired, a student with a more valuable card is introduced to the mix. Students then reassess their pairings and relationship satisfaction and the process is repeated. Data indicated that this demonstration significantly enhances student knowledge of the subject material. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Human Dev & Psychol, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Gurung, RAR, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Human Dev & Psychol, 2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. CR BERSCHEID E, 1998, HDB SOCIAL PSYCHOL, V2, P193 BORNSTEIN RF, 1989, PSYCHOL BULL, V106, P265 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BYRNE D, 1971, ATTRACTION PARADIGM ELLIS BJ, 1999, TEACH PSYCHOL, V26, P118 FOA EB, 1980, SOCIAL EXCHANGE ADV, P77 GURUNG RAR, 1997, DEMONSTRATING MATCHI GUTIERRES SE, 1999, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V25, P1126 SARASON BR, 2001, PERS RELATIONSHIP, P15 TAN DTY, 1995, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V21, P975 NR 11 TC 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0098-6283 J9 TEACH PSYCHOL JI Teach. Psychol. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 30 IS 4 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 741RV UT ISI:000186473300005 ER PT J AU Kennair, LEO TI Evolutionary Psychology and psychopathology SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE adaptationism; biopsychosocial approach; Darwinian psychiatry; Evolutionary Psychology; evolutionary psychopathology; psychopathology ID NONASSOCIATIVE FEAR ACQUISITION; PICTURE INTERPRETATION; LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH; JUNGIAN TYPOLOGY; SOCIAL RANK; DEPRESSION; ETIOLOGY; PHOBIAS; DISORDERS; ADAPTATIONIST AB Purpose of review In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in evolutionary approaches to the understanding of human nature. Although there are many different approaches to the evolutionary study of mind and behaviour within mainstream academic psychology, Evolutionary Psychology is one that has developed a theoretically rigorous research programme. Thus far, evolutionary studies of psychopathology have not produced a coherent, unifying model. This review is intended both to assess recent research on evolutionary psychopathology, and to consider structuring such research by bringing Evolutionary Psychology and evolutionary psychopathology closer together. Recent findings Modern evolutionary psychopathology is a young field, and conceptual issues are much debated: there is still clear resistance to the adoption of an evolutionary perspective. Also, most evolution-oriented research on psychopathology is mainly theoretical, generating hypotheses, few of which are being empirically tested. Nonetheless, this theoretical work is very interesting and creative, based, in most cases, on general, scientifically sound biological theories. There also seems to be a trend toward empirical studies. Summary Research on psychopathology from an evolutionary perspective is generating many interesting hypotheses, and promises to integrate data and theories from biological psychiatry, cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology in a truly biopsychosocial theory. A few theoretical points are already making their way into clinical practice in the form of clinical heuristics; alas, this is probably premature from a strictly empirical viewpoint. The efficacy of these interventions will need to be documented. The potential of this research at present is mainly to broaden our theoretical understanding of human nature, including the nature of psychopathology. C1 Nordfjord Psychiat Ctr, N-6770 Nordfjordeid, Norway. RP Kennair, LEO, Nordfjord Psychiat Ctr, N-6770 Nordfjordeid, Norway. 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Opin. Psychiatr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 16 IS 6 BP 691 EP 699 DI 10.1097/01.yco.0000097655.75497.2e PG 9 SC Psychiatry GA 738ZG UT ISI:000186317300015 ER PT J AU Kennair, LEO TI Challenging design: How best to account for the world as it really is SO ZYGON LA English DT Article DE cheater detection; dualism; evolutionary psychology; evolutionary theory; homicide; human nature; intelligent-design theory; mate selection; stepchildren ID EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHIATRY; SCIENCE AB Evolutionary psychology and intelligent-design theory both need to be able to account for the empirical world, or the world as it is. This essay is an attempt to clarify the challenges these theories need to meet, if the relevant empirical findings are replicable. There is evidence of change in the biological world and of modularity of mind, and there is a growing body of work that finds evolutionary theory a convincing and fruitful account of the "design" of the mind. Three major empirical findings within evolutionary psychology are presented and discussed. The author claims that Cartesian dualism, as it is usually meant within psychology-a split between body and mind-is false, but that Descartes' original division between body and soul has not been challenged and is not challenged by the evidence that the mind is also a biological entity. The article concludes that the convergence of theology and science is to be found in the onus to discover the truth about the world as it really is, and this calls for an ability on both parts to account for the empirical world. C1 Nordfjord Psychiat Ctr, N-6771 Nordfjordeid, Norway. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. Royal Norwegian Airforce Acad, Oslo, Norway. RP Kennair, LEO, Nordfjord Psychiat Ctr, N-6771 Nordfjordeid, Norway. 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We all have our own ideas about what is and is not beautiful-a particular song or painting, a man or woman. Accurately describing what exactly "it" is that makes the song, painting or person beautiful, however, is a daunting task. In this article, we attempt to make the case that beauty and physical attractiveness is a serious matter. We begin with a discussion of the role of beauty in evolutionary theory. Next, we turn to theories of the physiology a beauty, which focus on physical characteristics such as pathogen resistance, averageness, physical symmetry, body ratios, and youthfulness. We then describe changes in the societal standards of beauty through a discussion of the relatively recent history of mass media images of beauty. We then use the psychological construct of body image to begin to understand the nature of beauty on an individual level. The article concludes with a discussion of the things that we do to make ourselves more beautiful. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Edwin & Fannie Gray Hall Ctr Human Appearance, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Edwin & Fannie Gray Hall Ctr Human Appearance, Dept Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Hosp Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Sarwer, DB, Univ Penn, Sch Med, Edwin & Fannie Gray Hall Ctr Human Appearance, Dept Psychiat & Surg, 3535 Mkt St 3309, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Cutan. Med. Surg. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1053/sder.2003.50014 PG 14 SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 699BZ UT ISI:000184037200002 ER PT J AU Toro-Morn, M Sprecher, S TI A cross-cultural comparison of mate preferences among university students; The United States vs. The People's Republic of China (PRC) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE FAMILY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID GENDER DIFFERENCES; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; 37 CULTURES; URBAN CHINA; SELECTION; LOVE; WOMENS; FAMILY; POLICY C1 Illinois State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Toro-Morn, M, Illinois State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Normal, IL 61790 USA. 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Comp. Fam. Stud. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 151 EP 170 PG 20 SC Family Studies GA 653PQ UT ISI:000181446000001 ER PT J AU Brune, M TI Erotomanic stalking in evolutionary perspective SO BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW LA English DT Article ID VIOLENCE; BEHAVIOR; LOVE; JEALOUSY; STALKERS; TACTICS AB Erotomania, the delusion of being loved by another person, comprises marked sex differences concerning prevalence rates and behavior. Whereas traditional psychiatry has considered erotomania to be almost entirely restricted to women, recent studies have revealed that criminal offenses associated with the condition occur much more frequently in men. The main hypothesis of this article is that these findings may be explained in terms of evolutionary theory. Erotomania, accordingly, may be viewed as a pathological variant of a specific sexual strategy that evolved under selection pressures of the human environment of evolutionary adaptedness. The overt behavior is related to the pursuit of long-term mating, its potentially beneficial effect on inclusive fitness of the individual, and disparate strategies of the sexes to ensure sexual fidelity of the potential partner. Therefore, the evolutionary approach provides a plausible explanation as to why forensically relevant erotomania prevails in men. The pathological process of delusional misinterpretation of perceived signals from the social environment itself may result from poor reality testing due to a failure of social meta-cognition. The evolutionary perspective may provide additional insights into the nature of sex-specific behaviors and may improve our understanding of forensically relevant behaviors. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Ctr Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-44791 Bochum, Germany. RP Brune, M, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Ctr Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Alexandrinenstr 1, D-44791 Bochum, Germany. 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Sci. Law PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1002/bsl.518 PG 6 SC Psychology, Applied; Law GA 648QH UT ISI:000181161700006 ER PT J AU Herz, RS Inzlicht, M TI Sex differences in response to physical and social factors involved in human mate selection - The importance of smell for women SO EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE heterosexual attraction; sex differences; parental investment theory; social and physical traits; MHC; olfaction ID PREFERENCES; SCENT AB A survey study examining the relative importance of various social and physical traits in heterosexual attraction was conducted. Data from 198 male and female heterosexual college students revealed that women ranked body odor as more important for attraction than "looks" or any social factor except "pleasantness." Moreover, in contrast to response to fragrance use, liking someone's natural body odor was the most influential olfactory variable for sexual interest for both men and women. Men rated a woman's good looks as most desirable and as more important than any other factor except pleasantness. Sex differences in the relative ranking of several social factors were consistent with prior research. (C) 2.002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Psychol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NYU, Dept Appl Psychol, New York, NY USA. RP Herz, RS, Brown Univ, Dept Psychol, 89 Waterman St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. CR BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 GANGESTAD SW, 1998, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V265, P927 HERZ RS, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P275 LANDOLT MA, 1995, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V16, P3 POTTS WK, 1991, NATURE, V352, P619 THORNHILL R, 1999, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V20, P175 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P1871 WEDEKIND C, 1995, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V260, P245 WYSOCKI CJ, 2000, JPN J SMELL TASTE RE, V7, P19 NR 11 TC 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1090-5138 J9 EVOL HUM BEHAV JI Evol. Hum. Behav. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 SC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA 633GV UT ISI:000180275200003 ER PT J AU Ellis, L TI The biosocial female choice theory of social stratification SO SOCIAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LABOR-FORCE PARTICIPATION; TWINS REARED APART; SEX-DIFFERENCES; EDUCATIONAL-ATTAINMENT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; GENETIC INFLUENCES; DOMINANCE; FERTILITY AB For decades, the study of social stratification has been dominated by environmental theories. Herein a theory is proposed that contains both biological and sociocultural elements. The theory asserts that most human females, like females of many other mammalian species, have evolved mating preferences biased toward males who are competent in provisioning resources. This female bias is hypothesized to have been naturally selected because females with these biases nearly always have had a reproductive edge over females who lack such a bias. One result of this bias is that human females preferentially mate with males who strive to rise in social status. This, in turn, has favored males who attain or at least strive for high social status, and who advertise and even exaggerate whatever status they already have achieved. At the genetic level, the theory postulates that alleles have accumulated on the human genome that promote social status-striving and achievement to varying degrees. To account for why males are more prone toward status-striving than females, the theory contends that one or more genes on the Y-chromosome interact with genes on the remaining human chromosomes to incline males to gravitate toward social hierarchies and to strive for niches that are relatively high in those hierarchies. Both tested and untested hypotheses are derived from the theory and compared to the empirical evidence currently available. C1 Minot State Univ, Minot, ND 58707 USA. RP Ellis, L, Minot State Univ, Minot, ND 58707 USA. 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Biol. PD FAL-WIN PY 2001 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 298 EP 320 PG 23 SC Demography; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology GA 626DF UT ISI:000179856500007 ER PT J AU Johannesen-Schmidt, MC Eagly, AH TI Another look at sex differences in preferred mate characteristics: The effects of endorsing the traditional female gender role SO PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID SELECTION CRITERIA; PREFERENCES; INVESTMENT; EVOLUTION; CULTURES; LEVEL AB This research used an individual differences approach to test Eagly and Wood's (1999) claim that sex differences in the characteristics that people prefer in mates reflect the tendency for men and women to occupy different social roles in a society. The study related the extent to which participants endorsed the traditional female gender role to their preferences for their future mate's traits and age relative to their own age. In general, the sex-differentiated preferences that are consistent with the traditional division of labor were more pronounced, especially in male participants, to the extent that they endorsed the traditional female role. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Psychol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Johannesen-Schmidt, MC, Northwestern Univ, Dept Psychol, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. 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Women Q. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4 BP 322 EP 328 PG 7 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Women's Studies GA 616QM UT ISI:000179314500006 ER PT J AU Bohne, A Keuthen, NJ Wilhelm, S Deckersbach, T Jenike, MA TI Prevalence of symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder and its correlates: A cross-cultural comparison SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY; UNITED-STATES; SELF-ESTEEM; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; STUDENTS; PREFERENCES; APPEARANCE; POPULATION AB The authors investigated the prevalence of body image concerns, body dysmorphic disorder, and related psychiatric symptoms in a group of 101 American students. Results were compared with data from a group of 133 German students. Survey data were collected on body image concerns, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and skin picking. A total of 74.3% of the American students endorsed body image concerns, and 28.7% were preoccupied by them; 4.0% appeared to meet DSM-IV criteria for body dysmorphic disorder. Body esteem was significantly correlated with self-esteem and depressive, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Body image concerns and preoccupation were significantly greater in American than in German students, although the prevalence of probable body dysmorphic disorder was not. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Keuthen, NJ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp E, OCD Clin, 149 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. 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It reviews the cross-cultural evidence on the behavior of women and men in nonindustrial societies, especially the activities that contribute to the sex-typed division of labor ant patriarchy. To explain the cross-cultural findings, the authors consider social constructionism, evolutionary psychology, and their own biosocial theory. Supporting the. biosocial analysis, sex differences, derive from the interaction. between the physical specialization of the sexes, especially female reproductive capacity, and the economic and social structural aspects of societies. This biosocial approach treats the psychological attributes of women and men as emergent given the evolved characteristics of the sexes, their developmental experiences, and their situated activity in society. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Wood, W, Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. 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Bull. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 5 BP 699 EP 727 DI 10.1037//0033-2909.128.5.699 PG 29 SC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 583FV UT ISI:000177396800002 ER PT J AU Buunk, BP Dijkstra, P Fetchenhauer, D Kenrick, DT TI Age and gender differences in mate selection criteria for various involvement levels SO PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; PERSONAL ADVERTISEMENTS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PREFERENCES; EVOLUTIONARY; FANTASY; MODEL AB The present study investigated mate preferences for five different levels of relationship involvement-marriage, serious relationship, falling in love, casual sex, and sexual fantasies-among individuals of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 years of age. Consistent with an evolutionary perspective, men preferred mates who were higher in physical attractiveness than themselves, whereas women preferred mates who were higher in income, education, self-confidence, intelligence, dominance, and social position than themselves. The lower the level of relationship involvement, the lower were the preferred levels of education, physical attractiveness, and, particularly for males, preferred intelligence in comparison to oneself For sexual fantasies, men and women preferred mates who were higher in physical attractiveness than those they preferred for real partners. There were few age differences in mate preferences, although older individuals set higher standards for a potential mate's education. C1 Univ Groningen, Dept Social & Org Psychol, NL-9712 TS Groningen, Netherlands. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Buunk, BP, Univ Groningen, Dept Social & Org Psychol, Grote Kruisstr 2-I, NL-9712 TS Groningen, Netherlands. CR BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1998, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P405 BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 BUUNK BP, 1983, CONT FAMILIES ALTERN BUUNK BP, 1989, VARIANT LIFESTYLES R BUUNK BP, 2001, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V22, P241 ELLIS BJ, 1990, J SEX RES, V27, P527 GILBERT P, 1995, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL, V13, P149 GOFFMAN E, 1959, PRESENTATION SELF EV HOFSTEDE G, 1984, ACAD MANAGE REV, V9, P389 KENRICK DT, 1990, J PERS, V58, P97 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 KENRICK DT, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V64, P951 KENRICK DT, 1995, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V69, P1166 KENRICK DT, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P1499 LEITENBERG H, 1995, PSYCHOL BULL, V117, P469 RASMUSSEN JL, 1998, J SOC PERS RELAT, V15, P77 SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 VANYPEREN NW, 1991, SOC PSYCHOL QUART, V54, P169 WALLER W, 1937, AM SOCIOL REV, V2, P727 WIEDERMAN MW, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P331 WILSON DS, 1997, EVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL, P345 NR 24 TC 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-4126 J9 PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS JI Pers. Relat. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 SC Psychology, Social GA 583NM UT ISI:000177414000003 ER PT J AU Higgins, LT Zheng, M Liu, Y Sun, CH TI Attitudes to marriage and sexual behaviors: A survey of gender and culture differences in China and United Kingdom SO SEX ROLES LA English DT Article DE China; marriage; sexual behavior; gender; culture ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS; PREFERENCES; AGE; ATTRACTIVENESS; PERCEPTIONS; SHANGHAI; MENARCHE; HEIGHT; MATES AB This paper reports a survey carried out among 505 university students in China and 338 students in the United Kingdom. The survey included questions on attitudes toward mate-selection preferences, marriage, and sexual behavior. The findings show that traditional values in mate-selection preferences persist more in China than in the United Kingdom and indicate that, despite a profound social revolution over the last two decades, a relatively conservative sexual culture still exists in China today. Traditional morality and attitudes prevail especially among women. Gender and culture differences are discussed. C1 Chester Coll Higher Educ, Dept Psychol, Chester CH1 4BJ, Cheshire, England. Univ So Calif, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Psychol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Higgins, LT, Chester Coll Higher Educ, Dept Psychol, Parkgate Rd, Chester CH1 4BJ, Cheshire, England. 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The result is that many married Hong Kong men who cross the border regularly on business have taken "second wives" or mistresses in China. We analyze this phenomenon using government statistics, selected court cases, and personal interviews. We show that the emergence of the "second wife" phenomenon among migrants in southern China is consistent with recent studies on the causes of polygvny, and we make some predictions about the likelihood of this type of polygyny among migrants. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Lang, G, City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. 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Migr. Rev. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 546 EP 569 PG 24 SC Demography GA 579NQ UT ISI:000177185100009 ER PT J AU Medora, NP Larson, JH Hortacsu, N Dave, P TI Perceived attitudes towards romanticism; a cross-cultural study of American, Asian-Indian, and Turkish young adults SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE FAMILY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; INITIATED MARRIAGES; UNITED-STATES; 37 CULTURES; LOVE; BELIEFS; FAMILY; EXPECTATIONS; PREFERENCES AB The Knox & Sporakowski attitudes toward romantic love scale, a list of 13 desired qualities in a prospective partner, and a demographic questionnaire were distributed to a total of 641 young adults at three international universities in America, Turkey, and India. The sample consisted of 200 American young adults in Western U.S., 223 Turkish college students in Central Turkey, and 218 Indian young adults enrolled at a university in Western India to determine their perceived attitudes toward romanticism. The second objective was to investigate whether age, gender, and parents' marital status were related to romanticism, A third objective was to examine cultural differences in the American and Turkish respondents' attitudes about preferred qualities in a potential mate. Results showed that the American young adults were most romantic, followed by the Turkish students, and Indians had the lowest romanticism score. Female college students in all three cultures were significantly more romantic than males. Age and parents' marital status were not related to romanticism. Cultural differences were found in conjunction to desired qualities in a prospective partner. American and Turkish young adults differed significantly in their attitudes toward the following attributes: having similar political ideologies, being well educated, being affectionate, having a good job, having similar interests, and not having a prior marriage. Gender differences were also found with regard to desired qualities in a potential partner. Males and females differed significantly in their rankings of having a good job. being physically attractive, having similar political ideologies, being well educated, and not having a prior marriage. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Sch Family Life, Marriage & Family Therapy Program, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Psychol, TR-6531 Ankara, Turkey. Maharaja Sayajirao Univ Baroda, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Baroda 390002, Gujarat, India. RP Medora, NP, Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. 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Comp. Fam. Stud. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 155 EP + PG 25 SC Family Studies GA 525FZ UT ISI:000174059400001 ER PT J AU Smith, PB TI Culture's consequences: Something old and something new SO HUMAN RELATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INDIVIDUALISM-COLLECTIVISM; SELF C1 Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. RP Smith, PB, Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. 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Relat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 119 EP 135 PG 17 SC Management; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary GA 516BB UT ISI:000173530600005 ER PT J AU Looy, H TI Sex differences: Evolved, constructed, and designed SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND THEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; 37 CULTURES; JEALOUSY; PREFERENCES; PERSPECTIVE; SELECTION; SCIENCE; BIOLOGY; GENDER AB Evolutionary psychology (EP) is reviewed as one currently popular theoretical framework to explain and predict psychological and behavioral differences between women and men. This approach has considerable promise, but there are numerous logical, theoretical, and methodological problems yet to be resolved. Social constructionism (SC) is briefly reviewed as an alternative approach that more adequately accounts for gender and sexual diversity; however it minimizes human embodiment. Both approaches deny a supernatural or spiritual dimension in creation; EP often explicitly assumes philosophical naturalism-a belief in a material universe in which evolutionary processes are random and purposeless. This assumption limits its ability to account for several aspects of the experience and the expression of human sexuality. The intelligent design (ID) approach is considered here as a possible complement to EP and SC. The key difference is foundational: ID assumes and infers the necessity of a supernatural, purposeful element. This assumption provides a broader interpretive framework and some potentially novel predictions about human sexuality. All three approaches have something to contribute to our understanding of human sexuality, and I conclude that a cautious, critical mutual engagement may enable us to transcend the dichotomies and limitations of each theoretical framework. C1 Kings Univ Coll, Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3, Canada. RP Looy, H, Kings Univ Coll, 9125-50th St, Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3, Canada. 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Psychol. Theol. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 4 BP 301 EP 313 PG 13 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Religion GA 509BE UT ISI:000173123800003 ER PT J AU Brune, M TI De Clerambault's syndrome (erotomania) in an evolutionary perspective SO EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE erotomania; delusional disorders; sexual selection; female sexual strategy ID DISORDERS AB De Clerambault's syndrome (erotomania), the delusion of being loved by another person, is characterized by consistent sex differences in prevalence rates, sociodemographic data, and behavior directed towards the perceived 'love object'. The aim of the present review of 246 worldwide cases (published 1900-2000) is to evaluate the behavioral characteristics of erotomania according to the 'Sexual Strategies Theory' (SST) proposed by Buss and Schmitt [Psychol. Rev. 100 (1993) 204.]. Consistent with the SSTheory of sex-specific sexual psychology, erotomania may be best understood as a pathological variant of a long-term mating strategy. The content of delusional disorders, as exemplified here by erotomania, may be interpreted from an evolutionary perspective, which may influence (future) psychiatric nosology. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-44791 Bochum, Germany. RP Brune, M, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Alexandrinenstr 1, D-44791 Bochum, Germany. 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PD NOV PY 2001 VL 22 IS 6 BP 409 EP 415 PG 7 SC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA 501XB UT ISI:000172710400003 ER PT J AU Kummerling, A Hassebrauck, M TI Handsome man and rich woman? The laws of mate selection in the light of social change SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SOZIALPSYCHOLOGIE LA German DT Article DE mate selection; evolutionary psychology; structural powerlessness theory ID SEXUAL STRATEGIES THEORY; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; PREFERENCES; PARTNERS; SOCIOBIOLOGY; ORIGINS; FEMALES; AGE AB There are currently two competing approaches regarding the explanation of sex differences in traits desired in a mate. According to evolutionary psychology, sex typed mate preferences can be explained by using the terms "sexual selection" and "parental investment". However, supporters of the structural powerlessness theory claim that sex differences in mate selection stem from certain social structures which cause material inequality. Therefore, a change in these social conditions should alter the sex typed mate preferences of individuals. In order to verify this theory, 154 subjects (94 women, 60 men) were questioned in a crosssection survey on partner preferences thereby controlling the generation affiliation as a relevant influence factor. The results show that generation effects on partner preferences are detectable: In contrast to older women, younger women are rather willing to marry a man with a lower degree of education and lower income level.. These patterns contradict the propositions of evolutionary psychology, which state that especially women who are still capable of reproducing should especially value the potential to acquire resources in a partner. C1 Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Fachbereich Sozialpsychol 3, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, D-4100 Duisburg, Germany. RP Hassebrauck, M, Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Fachbereich Sozialpsychol 3, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. CR ALFERMANN D, 1996, GESCHLECHTERROLLEN G ALLGEIER ER, 1991, FREE INQUIRY, V11, P25 ALLGEIER ER, 1994, ANN REV SEX RES, V5, P218 ATKINSON MP, 1984, J MARRIAGE FAM, V46, P861 BLEIER R, 1984, SCI GENDER CRITIQUE BORKENAU P, 1993, Z SOZIALPSYCHOL, V24, P289 BUSS DM, 1985, AM SCI, V73, P47 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION BEGEHRENS BUSS DM, 1998, J SEX RES, V35, P19 BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 CAPORAEL LR, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P17 COSMIDES L, 1987, LATEST BEST ESSAYS E, P277 CUNNINGHAM MR, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P925 DEUTSCH FM, 1986, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V16, P771 DIEKMANN A, 1995, EMPIRISCHE SOZIALFOR EBELING H, 1997, WISSENSCHAFT ARBEIT, S39 ELLIS BJ, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P267 FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 GANGESTAD SW, 1993, HUM NATURE, V4, P205 HASSEBRAUCK M, 1989, SOFTWARE KURIER MED, V2, P40 HASSEBRAUCK M, 1990, Z SOZIALPSYCHOL, V21, P101 HATFIELD E, 1995, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V26, P728 HATFIELD E, 1996, CROSS CULTURAL PERSP HILL R, 1945, J HOME ECON, V37, P554 HOWARD JA, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P194 HOYT LL, 1981, SOC BEHAV PERSONAL, V9, P93 HRADIL S, 1994, EU STAATEN VERGLEICH, S52 HUININK J, 1987, Z SOZIOL, V16, P367 KASSER T, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P374 KENRICK DT, 1990, J PERS, V58, P97 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 KENRICK DT, 1996, SEX POWER CONFLICT E, P29 LAATZ W, 1993, EMPIRISCHE METHODEN MAYER KU, 1990, LEBENSVERIDUFE SOZIA, S442 MURSTEIN BI, 1986, FAMILY STUDIES TEX 5 OLIVEIRA DT, 1993, BRAZ DENT J, V4, P29 POWERS EA, 1971, INT J COMP SOCIOL, V21, P109 SCHOEN R, 1989, SOC SCI QUART, V70, P617 SPRECHER S, 1989, SEX ROLES, V21, P591 SPRECHER S, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1074 SYMONDS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU TAVRIS C, 1984, LONGEST WAR SEX DIFF TOOBY J, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P36 TOWNSEND JM, 1990, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V19, P149 TOWNSEND JM, 1998, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V19, P171 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 YOGEV S, 1981, J MARRIAGE FAM, V43, P865 NR 50 TC 6 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0044-3514 J9 Z SOZPSYCHOL JI Z. Soz. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 81 EP 94 PG 14 SC Psychology, Social GA 453CP UT ISI:000169899200003 ER PT J AU Luszyk, D TI Gender-specific mating preferences: A contribution to the discussion between evolutionary psychology and social role theory SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SOZIALPSYCHOLOGIE LA German DT Article DE human mate choice; gender differences; role theory; evolutionary psychology; socioeconomic status ID MATE SELECTION PREFERENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; STRATEGIES; CRITERIA; CHOICE AB Gender specific mating preferences can be explained by two different theoretical approaches: by the evolutionarily oriented theory of sexual strategies and alternatively by the social role theory combined with the assumption of an unequal distribution of economic resources favoring men. The discussion focuses on the question which theory can best explain the female preference for the financial resources of a partner. In the present study, 243 women and 351 men were interviewed. They varied in socioeconomic status, as operationalized by differences in educational level. results showed that(1) women do not value the indications of economic resources of a partner consistently higher than men do and (2) people with an inferior socioeconomic status place more value on the resources of a partner than people who are of higher socioeconomic status themselves. The results of the present research suggest that a socioeconomic approach can explain the gender differences in the evaluation of resources. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Arbeits Org & Sozialpsychol, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Luszyk, D, Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Arbeits Org & Sozialpsychol, Mommsenstr 3, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. 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Soz. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 95 EP 106 PG 12 SC Psychology, Social GA 453CP UT ISI:000169899200004 ER PT J AU Alam, M Dover, JS TI On beauty - Evolution, psychosocial considerations, and surgical enhancement SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; TO-HIP RATIO; FEMALE PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; COSMETIC SURGERY PATIENTS; HUMAN MATE PREFERENCES; FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS; AUGMENTATION MAMMAPLASTY; INTERPERSONAL-ATTRACTION; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS C1 Skin Care Phys Chestnut Hill, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. RP Alam, M, 195 Davis Ave, Brookline, MA 02445 USA. 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READING FACES WINDOW ZEBROWITZ LA, 2001, FACIAL ATTRACTIVENES ZUK M, 1982, BIRD PARASITE INTERA NR 245 TC 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 137 IS 6 BP 795 EP 807 PG 13 SC Dermatology GA 442EP UT ISI:000169272500019 ER PT J AU Cole, ER Stewart, AJ TI Invidious comparisons: Imagining a psychology of race and gender beyond differences SO POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE race comparisons; gender comparisons; research methods ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; FEMINIST PSYCHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; WHITE; INTELLIGENCE; STEREOTYPES; IDENTITY; BEHAVIOR; SCIENCE; HYPOTHESIS AB Within psychology there is a longstanding debate concerning whether large, fundamental differences between races and genders exist. Much of this research involves comparisons that are invidious (offensively discriminating) and supports a political ideology in which members of different groups are held to be fundamentally different, alien, and therefore destined to different spheres. In this paper. specific factors are identified that make research on group differences more likely to produce distorted and partial findings. In addition, studies are cited whose methodological strategies offer insight into the processes that L create and maintain group differences. Such research may illuminate not only the differences between groups, but also the very meaning of group group categories. The process of scholarly peer review should become sensitive to the features that mat comparisons invidious, so as to incorporate them into the criteria used to evaluate research. C1 Univ Michigan, Womens Studies Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Afroamer & African Studies, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Inst Res Women & Gender, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Cole, ER, Univ Michigan, Womens Studies Program, 204 S State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CR ALLPORT F, 1924, SOCIAL PSYCHOL AZAR B, 2000, MONITOR PSYCHOL, V31, P42 BAENNINGER M, 1989, SEX ROLES, V20, P327 BAUMEISTER RF, 1988, AM PSYCHOL, V43, P1092 BEM S, 1998, RACE CLASS GENDER US, P48 BENBOW CP, 1980, SCIENCE, V210, P1262 BENBOW CP, 1988, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V11, P169 BETANCOURT H, 1993, AM PSYCHOL, V48, P629 BOWEN WG, 1998, SHAPE RIVER BRIDGEMAN B, 1996, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V88, P333 BROVERMAN IK, 1972, J SOC ISSUES, V28, P59 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CANTOR NE, 1987, PERSONALITY SOCIAL I CAPLAN PJ, 1991, FEM PSYCHOL, V1, P263 CAPLAN PJ, 1992, FEM PSYCHOL, V2, P27 CAPLAN PJ, 1997, GENDER DIFFERENCES H COLE ER, 1996, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V71, P130 COLLINS PH, 1990, BLACK FEMINIST THOUG CRANE AL, 1923, ARCH PSYCHOL, V63, P9 DUCKITT J, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1182 EAGLY AH, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P145 EAGLY AH, 1999, AM PSYCHOL, V54, P408 ECCLES JS, 1986, SIGNS, V11, P367 EPSTEIN CF, 1997, J SOC ISSUES, V53, P259 FAVREAU OE, 1997, FEM PSYCHOL, V7, P63 FINE M, 1998, QUALITATIVE STUDIES, V11, P435 FRUMKIN RM, 1997, AM PSYCHOL, V52, P76 GERVASIO AH, 1989, PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART, V13, P1 GILLIGAN C, 1982, DIFFERENT VOICE GRAHAM S, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P629 GRAY J, 1992, MEN ARE MARS WOMEN A HALPERN DF, 1994, FEM PSYCHOL, V4, P523 HALPERN DF, 1997, AM PSYCHOL, V52, P1091 HARDING S, 1991, WHOSE SCI WHOSE KNOW HAREMUSTIN RT, 1994, FEM PSYCHOL, V4, P531 HERRNSTEIN RJ, 1994, BELL CURVE HOBERMAN JM, 1997, DARWINS ATHLETES SPO HUGHES M, 1990, SOC FORCES, V68, P1105 HYDE JS, 1990, PSYCHOL BULL, V107, P139 HYDE JS, 1994, FEM PSYCHOL, V4, P507 HYDE JS, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P159 JOHNSON DL, 1999, J SPORT BEHAV, V22, P45 KIMURA D, 1999, SEX COGNITION KLINEBERG O, 1935, NEGRO INTELLIGENCE S KRIEGER N, 1996, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V86, P1370 LANDRINE H, 1992, PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART, V16, P145 LEWONTIN RC, 1984, NOT OUR GENES LOTT B, 1996, AM PSYCHOL, V51, P155 MACKINNON CA, 1987, FEMINISM UNMODIFIED MCCLELLAND DC, 1973, AM PSYCHOL, V28, P1 MCHUGH MC, 1986, AM PSYCHOL, V41, P879 MORAWSKI JG, 1997, OFF WHITE READINGS R, P13 NEISSER U, 1996, AM PSYCHOL, V51, P77 PARLEE MB, 1981, PSYCHOL WOMEN Q, V5, P637 PETERSON J, 1929, MENTAL MEASUREMENT M, V5, P1 PHINNEY JS, 1996, AM PSYCHOL, V51, P918 RUSHTON JP, 1987, J RES PERS, V21, P529 RUSHTON JP, 1988, J PERSONALITY INDIVI, V22, P1009 RUSHTON JP, 1988, J RES PERS, V22, P259 RUSHTON JP, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P40 RUSHTON JP, 1995, RACE EVOLUTION BEHAV SHARPS M, 1992, ANN M AM PSYCH ASS W SHERIF CW, 1979, PRISM SEX ESSAYS SOC, P93 SHIH M, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P80 STEELE CM, 1992, ATLANTIC MONTHLY APR, V69, P68 STEELE CM, 1997, AM PSYCHOL, V52, P613 STONE J, 1997, BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH, V19, P291 STONE J, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P1213 WELSING FC, 1991, ISIS YSSIS PAPERS YEE AH, 1993, AM PSYCHOL, V48, P1132 YERKES R, 1921, MEMOIRS NATL ACAD SC, V15, P690 ZUCKERMAN M, 1990, AM PSYCHOL, V45, P1297 NR 72 TC 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0162-895X J9 POLIT PSYCHOL JI Polit. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 22 IS 2 BP 293 EP 308 PG 16 SC Political Science; Psychology, Social GA 438MB UT ISI:000169056600006 ER PT J AU Buss, DM Shackelford, TK Kirkpatrick, LA Larsen, RJ TI A half century of mate preferences: The cultural evolution of values SO JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY LA English DT Article DE cultural evolution; mate preferences; sex differences ID PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SELECTION AB The qualities people believe are important in selecting a marriage partner afford one domain for assessing human values. We examined the cultural evolution of these values over more than half a century. Building on existing data on mate preferences collected in 1939(N = 628), 1956(N = 120), 1967(N = 566), and 1977(N = 316), we collected data using the same instrument in 1984/ 1985 (N = 1,496) and in 1996 (N = 607) at geographically diverse locations. Several changes in values were documented across the 57-year span. Both sexes increased the importance they attach to physical attractiveness in a mate. Both sexes, but especially men, increased the importance they attach to mates with good financial prospects. Domestic skills in a partner plummeted in importance for men. Mutual attraction and love climbed in importance for both sexes. The sexes converged in the ordering of the importance of different mate qualities, showing maximum similarity in 1996. Discussion speculates about causes of the cultural evolution of values. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Div Sci Psychol, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Psychol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Buss, DM, Univ Texas, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. CR BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE BUSS DM, 1999, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 HILL R, 1945, J HOME ECON, V37, P554 HOYT LL, 1981, SOC BEHAV PERSONAL, V9, P93 HUDSON JW, 1969, J MARRIAGE FAM, V31, P772 KASSER T, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P374 KENRICK DT, 1980, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V38, P131 KENRICK DT, 1994, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V20, P210 MCGINNIS R, 1958, SOC FORCES, V36, P368 WIEDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 WOLF N, 1991, BEAUTY MYTH NR 14 TC 33 PU NATL COUNCIL FAMILY RELATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 3989 CENTRAL AVE NE #550, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55421 USA SN 0022-2445 J9 J MARRIAGE FAM JI J. Marriage Fam. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 BP 491 EP 503 PG 13 SC Family Studies; Sociology GA 431CM UT ISI:000168614400017 ER PT J AU Voracek, M TI Marital status as a candidate moderator variable of male-female differences in sexual jealousy: The need for representative population samples SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; GENDER; TESTS; PERSPECTIVE; PSYCHOLOGY; HYPOTHESES; STRATEGIES; INFIDELITY AB Evolutionary psychological theories predict pronounced and universal male-female differences in sexual jealousy. Recent cross-cultural research, using the forced-choice jealousy items pioneered by Buss, et al., 1992, repeatedly found a large sex differential on these self report measures: men significantly more often than women choose their mate's imagined sexual infidelity to be more distressing or upsetting to them than an imagined emotional infidelity. However this body of evidence is solely based on undergraduate samples and does not lake into account demographic factors. This study examined male-female differences in sexual jealousy in a community sample (N=335, Eastern Austria). Within a logistic regression model, with other variables controlled for, marital status was a stronger predictor for sexual jealousy than respondents' sex. Contrary to previous research, the sex differential's effect size was only modest. These findings stress the pitfalls of prematurely generalizing evidence from undergraduate samples to the general population and the need for representative population samples in this research area. C1 Univ Vienna, Sch Med, Dept Psychoanal & Psychotherapy, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Voracek, M, Univ Vienna, Sch Med, Dept Psychoanal & Psychotherapy, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1597 BAILEY JM, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1081 BERNARD L, 2000, PSYCHOL REP, V86, P659 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1992, PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P251 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1994, AM SCI, V82, P238 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR BUSS DM, 1996, PSYCHOL SCI, V7, P373 BUSS DM, 1999, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL BUSS DM, 1999, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V6, P125 BUSS DM, 2000, DANGEROUS PASSION WH BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 BUUNK BP, 1996, PSYCHOL SCI, V7, P359 COHEN J, 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA CROWNE DP, 1964, APPROVAL MOTIVE STUD DALY M, 1982, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V3, P11 DESTENO DA, 1996, PSYCHOL SCI, V7, P367 DESTENO DA, 1996, PSYCHOL SCI, V7, P376 ELASHOFF JD, 1977, NQUERY ADVISOR VERSI FLEISS JL, 1994, HDB RES SYNTHESIS, P245 FLINN MV, 1988, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P1 GAULIN SJC, 1997, EVOLUTION COGNITION, V3, P191 GEARY DC, 1995, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V16, P355 GEARY DC, 1998, MALE FEMALE EVOLUTIO GEARY DC, 2000, PSYCHOL BULL, V126, P55 HARRIS CR, 1996, PSYCHOL SCI, V7, P364 HARRIS CR, 1996, PSYCHOL SCI, V7, P378 HARRIS CR, 1998, PSYCHOL SCI, V9, P245 HASSELBLAD V, 1995, PSYCHOL BULL, V117, P167 HOLDEN RR, 1987, PSYCHOL REP, V60, P1247 HOSMER DW, 1989, APPL LOGISTIC REGRES HURKA RB, 1996, CROSS CULTURAL RES J, V30, P24 JANSSEN JP, 1979, PSYCHOL RUNDSCH, V30, P99 JUNG J, 1969, CANADIAN PSYCHOL, V10, P280 MULLEN PE, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P35 NAGELKERKE NJD, 1991, BIOMETRIKA, V78, P691 OUBAID V, 1997, EIFERSUCHT EVOLUTION ROSENTHAL R, 1975, VOLUNTEER SUBJECT SALOVEY P, 1991, PSYCHOL JEALOUSY ENV SHADISH WR, 1999, ES COMPUTER PROGRAM SMART RG, 1966, CANADIAN PSYCHOL, V7, P115 SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU SYMONS D, 1980, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V3, P171 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 VORACEK M, 2000, PSYCHOL OSTERREICH, V20, P44 WHITE GL, 1981, J PERS, V49, P129 WHITE GL, 1989, JEALOUSY THEORY RES WIEDERMAN MW, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P115 WIEDERMAN MW, 1999, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V20, P121 NR 50 TC 8 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD APR PY 2001 VL 88 IS 2 BP 553 EP 566 PG 14 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 426EE UT ISI:000168336200041 ER PT J AU Bagozzi, RP Lee, KH Van Loo, MF TI Decisions to donate bone marrow: The role of attitudes and subjective norms across cultures SO PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE bone marrow donation; theory of reasoned action; intentions; attitude; subjective norm ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; REASONED ACTION; SELF; MODELS; INDIVIDUALISM; COLLECTIVISM; COVARIANCE; INVARIANCE; BELIEFS; DONORS AB This paper reports the results of a field investigation of the determinants of decisions to donate bone marrow. Predictions are made on the basis of a modification of the theory of reasoned action wherein attitudes are operationalized in separate affective and evaluative components. Boundary conditions of the theory of reasoned action are further explored by examining the effects of culture (Hong Kong Chinese, N = 190; American Chinese, N = 107; black Americans, N = 124; and white Americans N = 122) on decisions to donate for each of four targets: Immediate Family Members (IFM), Close Relatives (CR), Ethnic Strangers (ES), and Total Strangers (TS). For this life or death decision, the willingness to give is hypothesized to vary as a function of the so-called fitness value of the recipients (i.e., their capacity to contribute to the donor's inclusive fitness), as modified by cultural differences between group- versus independent-based cultures. Among other results, the following gradient was found in attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions for Chinese: IFM > CR > ES > TS; for Americans the pattern was IFM = CR > ES = TS. American Chinese showed stronger attitudes and felt norms, but not intentions, to give to close relatives than did Hong Kong Chinese, reflecting differential in-group/out-group pressures. Black and White Americans showed stronger attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to donate to strangers than did Chinese. C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bagozzi, RP, Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. 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Health PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 29 EP 56 PG 28 SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 420PE UT ISI:000168012700004 ER PT J AU Perlini, AH Marcello, A Hansen, SD Pudney, W TI The effects of male age and physical appearance on evaluations of attractiveness, social desirability and resourcefulness SO SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY LA English DT Article ID STEREOTYPE; BEAUTIFUL AB Younger women are perceived as possessing a host of socially desirable attributes, some of which are the same traits attributed to attractive women (Perlini, Bertolissi, & Lind, 1999). Evolutionary hypotheses would not predict similar patterns of trait ascriptions for males who differ in age and attractiveness, since neither youth nor beauty is a successful strategy for mate selection amongst females. To test this hypothesis, young and elderly females rated the traits of attractiveness, social desirability and resourcefulness in 1 of 4 target males who varied in age and attractiveness. The results indicated that neither the age nor the attractiveness of the male target influenced ascriptions of socially desirable traits. Young, compared to elderly judges ascribed more resourcefulness to the male targets. Regardless of the target age, the younger female judges rated the target males as younger-looking, in terms of estimated age, compared to the elderly female judges. The results are discussed in terms of possible sociocultural and evolutionary factors that may be responsible for these differences. C1 Algoma Univ Coll, Dept Psychol, Sault St Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada. Laurentian Univ, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Raytheon Ind Inc, Waterloo, ON, Canada. 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PY 2001 VL 29 IS 3 BP 277 EP 287 PG 11 SC Psychology, Social GA 414KV UT ISI:000167666500008 ER PT J AU Caporael, LR TI Evolutionary psychology: Toward a unifying theory and a hybrid science SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE social behavior; inclusive fitness theory; systems; cultural evolution; concilience; science and society ID FEMALE PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; TO-HIP-RATIO; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; BEHAVIOR; SELECTION; SOCIOBIOLOGY; STRATEGIES; CULTURES; PARADIGM; LANGUAGE AB Although evolutionary psychology is typically associated with "selfish gene theory," numerous other approaches to the study of mind and behavior provide a wealth of concepts for theorizing about psychology, culture, and development. These include general evolutionary approaches and theories focused on sociality, dual inheritance, multilevel selection, and developmental systems. Most evolutionary accounts use the same methods as Darwin-the "fit among facts"-to use natural selection as an explanation for behavior. Scientific standards for constraining and evaluating such accounts, research into the mutual influence of science and society on the understanding of evolution, and computational technologies for modeling species-typical processes are important considerations. Coevolutionary theories and developmental systems theories may eventually give rise to unification in a broad and general sense. Such a unification would be interdisciplinary and problem centered rather than discipline centered. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Sci & Technol Studies, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Caporael, LR, Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Sci & Technol Studies, Troy, NY 12180 USA. 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BIOL, V49, P181 SMITH EA, 1992, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY SMITH JM, 1987, NATURAL HIST READER, P222 SMITH JM, 1995, MAJOR TRANSITIONS EV SOBER E, 1994, CONCEPTUAL ISSUES EV SOBER E, 1998, UNTO OTHERS EVOLUTIO STAR SL, 1995, ECOLOGIES KNOWLEDGE SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU TASSINARY LG, 1998, PSYCHOL SCI, V9, P150 TATTERSALL I, 1995, FOSSIL TRAIL THELEN E, 1992, CURRENT DIRECTIONS P, V1, P189 THELEN E, 1994, DYNAMIC SYSTEMS APPR THIESSEN D, 1996, BITTERSWEET DESTINY THORNHILL R, 2000, NATURAL HIST RAPE TRIVERS RL, 1971, Q REV BIOL, V46, P35 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 TRIVERS RL, 1974, AM ZOOL, V14, P249 WAHLSTEN D, 1999, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V50, P599 WEINGART P, 1997, HUMAN NATURE BIOL SO, P65 WILSON DS, 1975, P NATIONAL ACADEMY S, V72, P143 WILSON DS, 1983, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V14, P157 WILSON DS, 1997, AM NAT S, V150, S122 WILSON EO, 1975, SOCIOBIOLOGY WILSON EO, 1998, CONSILIENCE UNITY KN WIMSATT WC, 1980, SCI DISCOVERY, V2, P213 WIMSATT WC, 1999, BIOL M PSYCHOL CONST NR 154 TC 24 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4308 J9 ANNU REV PSYCHOL JI Annu. Rev. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 52 BP 607 EP 628 PG 22 SC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 410WB UT ISI:000167463100025 ER PT J AU Hetsroni, A TI Choosing a mate in television dating games: The influence of setting, culture, and gender SO SEX ROLES LA English DT Article ID PARTNER PREFERENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SELECTION; LOVE; ATTRACTION AB This work examines the influence of setting (TV dating games vs. questionnaires), culture (America us. Israel), and gender on mate selection. Ordinary men and women, ranging in age from 16 to 24 years, took part in this study as participants in a TV dating game and as questionnaire respondents. A content analysis of 80 dating games from the United States and Israel yielded 258 topical categories (76 from American shows and 182 from Israeli shows) used to screen potential mates. Two hundred and four questionnaires yielded 408 topical categories (200 from American questionnaires and 208 from Israeli questionnaires). Both genders in both countries used physical categories more often in the TV dating games than in the questionnaires. There was an effect of culture: Americans-regardless of setting and gender-employed the physical categories less often than Israelis. There was also a small effect of gender, showing men move often employ physical categories, especially in questionnaires. The results attest to the strength of the mass media capability to reduce gender differences in mate selection, but they do not strongly support Baumeister's theory of female erotic plasticity. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Commun, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Hetsroni, A, 8 Shmaryahu Levin St, IL-64357 Tel Aviv, Israel. 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Two hundred and eleven university students in Hong Kong filled out a Chinese version of Hendrick and Hendrick's revised Love Attitudes Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the NEO Personality Inventory Short Form. Personality correlates of the six loving styles were markedly different from those found in the West. These differences are discussed in light of Chinese cultural characteristics. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Mkt, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Appl Social Studies, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Luk, CL, City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Mkt, Tat Chee Ave, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. CR ARON A, 1996, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V70, P535 BEST D, 1977, HDB CROSS CULTURAL P, V3 BOND MH, 1996, HDB CHINESE PSYCHOL, P208 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 COSTA PT, 1985, NEO PI PERSONALITY I DAVIES MF, 1996, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V20, P257 DIGMAN JM, 1990, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V41, P417 GABRENYA WK, 1996, HDB CHINESE PSYCHOL, P309 GAO G, 1996, HDB CHINESE PSYCHOL, P280 HENDRICK C, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P392 HENDRICK SS, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P980 HOFSTEDE G, 1980, CULTURES CONSEQUENCE LASSWELL TE, 1976, J MARRIAGE FAMILY CO, V38, P211 LEE JA, 1973, COLORS LOVE EXPLORAT LESTER D, 1988, PERSONALITY INDIVIDU, V9, P689 LEUNG K, 1996, HDB CHINESE PSYCHOL, P247 LIU FY, 1991, THESIS CHINESE U HON MCCRAE RR, 1985, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V6, P587 MCCRAE RR, 1996, HDB CHINESE PSYCHOL, P189 PERVIN LA, 1994, PSYCHOL INQ, V5, P103 SEGALL MH, 1990, HUMAN BEHAV GLOBAL P STERNBERG RJ, 1986, PSYCHOL REV, V93, P119 WOLL SB, 1989, J RES PERS, V23, P480 NR 24 TC 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 169 EP 175 PG 7 SC Psychology, Social GA 313FL UT ISI:000086989600013 ER PT J AU Lycett, JE Dunbar, RIM TI Mobile phones as lekking devices among human males SO HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE cultural ornaments; male display; mobile telephones; sex ratio ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; 37 CULTURES; SCARIFICATION; PREFERENCES; BEHAVIOR AB This study investigated the use of mobile telephones by males and females in a public bar frequented by professional people. We found that, unlike women, men who possess mobile telephones more often publicly display them, and that these displays were related to the number of men in a social group, but not the number of women. This result was not due simply to a greater number of males who have telephones: we found an increase with male social group size in the proportion of available telephones that were on display. Similarly, there was a positive relationship between the number of visible telephones and the ratio of males to females. Our results further show that the increased display of telephones in groups with more males is not due to the ostensive function of these devices (i.e., the making and receiving of calls), although single males tended to use their phones more. We interpret these results within the framework of male-male competition, with males in larger group sizes functioning in an increasingly competitive environment. This competitive environment is suggested to be akin to a lek mating system in which males aggregate and actively display their qualities to females who assess males on a number of dimensions, We suggest that mobile telephones might be used by males as an indicator of their status and wealth (sensu "cultural ornaments"). C1 Univ Liverpool, Ctr Econ Learning & Social Evolut, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Lycett, JE, Univ Liverpool, Ctr Econ Learning & Social Evolut, Sch Biol Sci, Nicholson Bldg, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. CR ALTMANN J, 1974, BEHAVIOUR, V49, P227 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 DALY M, 1983, SEX EVOLUTION BEHAV DAVIES NB, 1991, BEHAV ECOLOGY EVOLUT, P263 DUNBAR RIM, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P231 EIBLEIBESFELDT I, 1970, ETHOLOGY BIOL BEHAV ELLIS BJ, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P267 GRAMMER K, 1989, SOCIOBIOLOGY SEXUAL, P147 LOW BS, 1979, EVOLUTIONARY BIOL HU, P462 LUDVICO LR, 1995, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V16, P155 ROWANCHILDE R, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P189 SINGH D, 1997, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V18, P403 WRIGHT R, 1994, MORAL ANIMAL NR 14 TC 8 PU ALDINE DE GRUYTER DIVISION WALTER DE GRUYTER INC PI HAWTHORNE PA 200 SAW MILL RIVER, HAWTHORNE, NY 10532 USA SN 1045-6767 J9 HUM NATURE-INT BIOSOC PERSPEC JI Hum. Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 PG 12 SC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA 312FG UT ISI:000086932100005 ER PT J AU Ubillos, S Paez, D Gonzalez, JL TI Culture and sexual behavior SO PSICOTHEMA LA English DT Article ID INTIMACY; GENDER; LOVE AB This study correlates the national means of self-reports of sexual relations in stable couples and the mean percentage of people with extramarital affairs with the climatic, socio-economic and cultural (religion and Hofstsde's dimensions) characteristics of the 25 countries to which die samples belongs. Low uncertainty avoidance, low Catholicism and Protestantism, dominance of Buddhism and high power distance were associated with less sexual permissiveness. Sexual permissiveness was associated more with the religious aspects of culture. Higher mean sexual frequency was associated with social development, individualism, low power distance and low dominance of Animism and Buddhism, to Catholicism and uncertainty avoidance, and cultural femininity. Results confirm the important role of socioeconomic development, raise questions on the negative view of Christianism and the positive view of oriental religions. C1 Univ Basque Country, Dept Social Psychol, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. Burgos Univ, Burgos, Spain. RP Ubillos, S, Univ Basque Country, Dept Social Psychol, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. CR *CONASIDA, 1998, NOTASIDA, V3, P4 ARANGUREN T, 1991, DIP FLORAL VIZCAYA S ARRINDELL WA, 1997, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V23, P37 BARON RA, 1994, SOCIAL PSYCHOL BASABE N, 1999, B PSICOLOGIA, V62, P7 BELLAH RN, 1985, HABITS HEART BOND MH, 1991, PSYCHOL HLTH INT J, V5, P137 BOZON M, 1995, SEXUALITE SIDA BRANDES S, 1991, METAFORAS MASCULINID BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CARAEL M, 1995, SEXUALITE SIDA RECHE CASTILLA J, 1998, AIDS CARE, V10, P667 CHAMOUN M, 1989, MONDE DIPL, V427, P22 CHAR WF, 1980, PEOPLE CULTURES HAWA CLELAND J, 1995, SEXUAL BEHAV AIDS DE CORDELIER S, 1997, WORLD ANN WORLD REV DIENER E, 1995, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V69, P851 DION KK, 1993, J SOC ISSUES, V49, P53 EMBER CR, 1997, ANTROPOLOGIA CULTURA FAINZAG S, 1991, SEXE GENRE FERNANDEZ JW, 1987, CRITIQUE ANTHR, V7, P83 GERBHARD PH, 1987, SEXUALIDAD HUMANA, V3 GILMORE D, 1990, CURR ANTHROPOL, V31, P395 GILMORE DD, 1994, HACERSE HOMBRE CONCE GIRAUD M, 1995, SEXUALITE SIDA HOFSTEDE G, 1991, CULTURES ORG SOFTWAR HOFSTEDE G, 1998, MASCULINITY FEMININI HUBERT M, 1998, SEXUAL BEHAV HIVB AI JAHODA G, 1989, PSYCHOL ANTHR KATCHADOURIAN HA, 1979, BASES SEXUALIDAD HUM KENRICK DT, 1994, ADV EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V26, P75 KOLATA G, 1994, SEX AM DEFINITIVE SU KOTTAK CP, 1994, ANTROPOLOGIA LAGRANGE H, 1997, ENTREE SEXUALITE COM LAUMANN EO, 1994, SOCIAL ORG SEXUALITY LLOBERA JR, 1987, CRITIQUE ANTHR, V7, P101 NIETO JA, 1989, CULTURA SOC PRACTICA OLIVER MB, 1993, PSYCHOL BULL, V114, P29 PENNEBAKER JW, 1996, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V70, P372 PISON G, 1997, SIDA AFRIQUE RECHERC PRICEWILLIAMS DR, 1985, HDB SOCIAL PSYCHOL RUSHING WA, 1995, AIDS EPIDEMIC SOCIAL RUSHTON JP, 1999, PERSONALITY PERSON P SANDFORT T, 1998, SEXUAL BEHAV HIV AID SCHLEGEL A, 1994, PSYCHOL ANTHR SCHWARTZ SH, 1995, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC SIMMONS CH, 1986, J SOC PSYCHOL, V126, P327 SMITH PB, 1993, SOCIAL PSYCHOL CULTU SMITH S, 1998, CULTURAL ANTROPOLOGY SPIRA A, 1993, COMPORTEMENTS SEXUEL TINGTOOMEY S, 1991, INT J INTERCULT REL, V15, P29 TRIANDIS HC, 1994, CAHIERS INT PSYCHOL, V23, P14 TRIANDIS HC, 1995, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC USIETO R, 1996, DESAFIO PSICOSOCIAL WELLINGS K, 1994, SEXUAL BEHAV BRITAIN WIEDERMAN MW, 1997, J SEX RES, V34, P167 NR 56 TC 4 PU COLEGIO OFICIAL DE PSICOLOGOS DE ASTURIAS PI OVIEDO PA ILDEFONSO S. DEL RIO, 4-1 B, 33001 OVIEDO, SPAIN SN 0214-9915 J9 PSICOTHEMA JI Psicothema PY 2000 VL 12 SU Suppl. 1 BP 70 EP 82 PG 13 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 309ZW UT ISI:000086800900008 ER PT J AU Nikcevic-Milkovic, A Tadinac-Babic, M Hauptfeld, V TI Quantity and quality analysis of the Benton Visual Retention Test results in patients with brain damage SO DRUSTVENA ISTRAZIVANJA LA Croatian DT Article AB The aims of this paper are: first: to examine whether Benton Visual Retention Test can be applied not only in diagnosing visual-perceptive, mnemonic and construction deficit, but also in differential diagnostics in patients with brain damage of different ethiology (traumas, tumors, vascular disorders) and different lateralization of lesions (left and right brain hemisphere), and second: to find out whether there are some differences in the test results regarding the sex of the tested persons. Having carried out individual tests on 95 patients with brain damage caused by trauma, cancer or vascular disorders in the KBC "Rebro", we have applied three criteria in the evaluation of the test results: the number of correct answers, total number of errors, and the type of errors. Based on a multiple ANOVA (2x2x3, lateralization of damage x sex x type of brain damage), it has been determined that there are no significant F-rates for the two variables: number of correct answers and number of errors. No significant main effects of the diagnostic categories lateralization of lesion and sex have been observed. The analysis of the type of errors shows only one significant F-ratio (F=5.639, p=0.020) in perseveration errors. More perseveration errors have been observed in patients with lesions in the left hemisphere (ML = 1.08) than in patients with lesions in the right hemisphere (MD = 0.62). No other main effects and no other interactions have been found to be significant. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that Benton Visual Retention Test can be recommended for diagnostics of deficiencies in the functions it examines, but it should not be applied for differential diagnostics, nor does it allow conclusions about the lateralization of lesions. C1 Ctr Socijalnu Skrb, Gospic 53000, Croatia. Filozofski Fak, Zagreb, Croatia. KBC Rebro, Klin Neurokirurgiju, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Nikcevic-Milkovic, A, Ctr Socijalnu Skrb, Starceviceva 32, Gospic 53000, Croatia. CR BENTON AL, 1946, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V54, P212 BENTON AL, 1947, PSYCHOL CORPORATION, V11, P225 BENTON AL, 1955, REVISED VISUAL RETEN DEE HL, 1970, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V8, P305 GAINOTTI G, 1970, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V8, P379 LEZAK MD, 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL A MILNER B, 1971, BRIT MED B, V27 TADINACBABIC M, 1993, ISPITVANJE LATERALIZ TUCKER DM, 1976, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V14, P447 TURDIUSIMUNEC J, 1972, NEUROPSIHIJATRIJA, V20 VOYER D, 1995, PSYCHOL BULL, V117, P250 ZAREVSKI P, 1995, PSIHOLOGIJA PAMCENJA NR 12 TC 0 PU INST OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IVO PILAR PI ZAGREB PA MARULICEV TRG 19/1, 10001 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 1330-0288 J9 DRUSTVENA ISTRAZIVANJA JI Drus. Istraz. PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 157 EP 168 PG 12 SC Social Issues; Sociology GA 294HL UT ISI:000085905800009 ER PT J AU Boski, P Van de Vijver, FJR Hurme, H Miluska, J TI Perception and evaluation of Polish cultural femininity in Poland, the United States, Finland, and the Netherlands SO CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Culture perception was examined in the domain of gender roles. Three video clips containing an example of typically Polish gender role behavior (displaying much respect and courtesy of men toward women) were shown to female and male university undergraduates in Poland (n = 88) the United States (n = 91) Finland (n = 60), and the Netherlands (n = 60). The Polish group teas more accurate than all other groups in its recognition of the time and place of video recording; they also rated these video clips as higher in typicality for their own culture. The Dutch revealed the lowest scores in evaluation and in identification with gender roles. The question was examined to what extent the cross-cultural differences could be accounted for by some relevant cultural characteristics. It was found that by using Schwartz's country-level measures on conservatism and mastery and the Chinese Culture Connection's human heartedness, all differences on evaluation and identification with gender roles were statistically wiped out; heartedness in particular was a powerful predictor. C1 Polish Acad Sci, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland. Warsaw Sch Adv Social Psychol, Warsaw, Poland. Tilburg Univ, Tilburg, Netherlands. Abo Akad Univ, Turku, Finland. Univ Poznan, Poznan, Poland. RP Boski, P, Polish Acad Sci, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland. 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Res. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 33 IS 2 BP 131 EP 161 PG 31 SC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary GA 267DK UT ISI:000084341200001 ER PT J AU Lyddy, F TI Evolution, gender equality and sexual choices - What are the origins of mate preference? SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 Univ Wales Inst, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Lyddy, F, Univ Wales Inst, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. CR BURGER JM, 1999, J RES PERS, V33, P358 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 EAGLY AH, 1999, AM PSYCHOL, V54, P408 KASSER T, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P374 NR 4 TC 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD NOV PY 1999 VL 12 IS 11 BP 562 EP 563 PG 2 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 258GV UT ISI:000083831100020 ER PT J AU Kasser, T Sharma, YS TI Reproductive freedom, educational equality, and females' preference for resource-acquisition characteristics in mates SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION CRITERIA; GENDER DIFFERENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; 37 CULTURES AB Females' preference for resource-acquisition characteristics in mates has been explained as an evolved psychological mechanism that conveyed reproductive advantage to human ancestors. To explore the hypothesis that females express this preference more strongly when their educational opportunities and reproductive free dom are limited, we reanalyzed mate-preference data collected from 37 cultures by Buss et al. (1990). The results demonstrate that females (but not males) strongly prefer resource-acquisition characteristics in mates when they live in cultures low ii? both female reproductive free dom and educational equality between the sexes. Discussion focuses on how evolutionary: interactionist, and social-role theories might explain these results. C1 Knox Coll, Dept Psychol, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. RP Kasser, T, Knox Coll, Dept Psychol, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. CR *UN DEV PROGR, 1990, HUM DEV REP 1990 *UN, 1991, WORLDS WOM 1970 1990 *UN, 1995, WORLDS WOM 1995 TREN ARCHER J, 1996, AM PSYCHOL, V51, P909 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1996, SOCIAL PSYCHOL HDB B, P3 CAPORAEL LR, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P17 EAGLY A, 1987, SEX DIFFERENCES SOCI FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 HRDY SB, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P1 KASSER T, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V65, P410 MILLER LC, 1997, EVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL, P197 SCHWARTZ SH, 1992, ADV EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V25, P1 SMUTS B, 1995, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V6, P1 TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P241 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 WIEDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 NR 20 TC 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0956-7976 J9 PSYCHOL SCI JI Psychol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 10 IS 4 BP 374 EP 377 PG 4 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 223PL UT ISI:000081849400015 ER PT J AU Eagly, AH Wood, W TI The origins of sex differences in human behavior - Evolved dispositions versus social roles SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID MATE SELECTION PREFERENCES; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; HOME BASES; WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; MEN; PERSPECTIVE AB The origins of sex differences in human behavior can lie mainly in evolved dispositions that differ by sex or mainly in the differing placement of women and men in the social structure. The present article contrasts these 2 origin theories of sex differences and illustrates the explanatory power of each to account for the overall differences between the mate selection preferences of men and women. Although this research area often has been interpreted as providing evidence for evolved dispositions, a reanalysis of D. M. Buss's (1989a) study of sex differences in the attributes valued in potential mates in 37 cultures yielded cross-cultural variation that supports the social structural account of sex differences in mate preferences. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Psychol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Eagly, AH, Northwestern Univ, Dept Psychol, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. CR *UN DEV PROGR, 1995, HUM DEV REP U995 *UN DEV PROGR, 1996, HUM DEV REP 1996 *UN DEV PROGR, 1997, HUM DEV REP 1997 ARCHER J, 1996, AM PSYCHOL, V51, P909 BAKAN D, 1966, DUALITY HUMAN EXISTE BEALL AE, 1993, PSYCHOL GENDER BECKER GS, 1976, EC APPROACH HUMAN BE BORKENAU P, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P93 BROUDE GJ, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P94 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P39 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P164 BUSS DM, 1995, PSYCHOL INQ, V6, P1 BUSS DM, 1996, SOCIAL PSYCHOL HDB B, P3 BUSS DM, 1998, AM PSYCHOL, V53, P533 BUSS DM, 1998, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P405 BUSS DM, 1998, HDB SOCIAL PSYCHOL, V2, P982 BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 CANARY DJ, 1998, SEX DIFFERENCES SIMI CEJKA MA, 1999, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V25, P413 COLLAER ML, 1995, PSYCHOL BULL, V118, P55 COOMBS RH, 1966, J MARRIAGE FAM, V28, P62 COSMIDES L, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P3 CRAWFORD C, 1998, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P3 CRONK L, 1991, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V20, P25 CUNNINGHAM MR, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P925 DALY M, 1983, SEX EVOLUTION BEHAV DALY M, 1998, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P431 DARWIN C, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO DEAUX K, 1998, HDB SOCIAL PSYCHOL, V1, P788 DEKAY WT, 1992, CURRENT DIRECTIONS P, V1, P184 DIAMOND J, 1997, GUNS GERMS STEEL FAT DRAPER P, 1982, J ANTHROPOL RES, V38, P255 EAGLY AH, IN PRESS DEV SOCIAL EAGLY AH, 1984, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V46, P735 EAGLY AH, 1987, SEX DIFFERENCES SOCI EAGLY AH, 1990, PSYCHOL BULL, V108, P233 EAGLY AH, 1991, PSYCHOL BULL, V110, P109 EAGLY AH, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P145 EHRENBERG M, 1989, WOMEN PREHISTORY ENGLAND P, 1992, CURRENT PERSPECTIVES, V12, P97 FEDIGAN LM, 1986, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V15, P25 FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 FEINGOLD A, 1991, BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH, V12, P357 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V111, P304 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 FEINGOLD A, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P429 FERREE MM, 1991, J FAM ISSUES, V12, P158 FISKE AP, 1992, PSYCHOL REV, V99, P689 FOLEY R, 1996, EVOLUTIONARY ANTHR, V4, P194 GEARY DC, 1995, LEARN INDIVID DIFFER, V7, P289 GEARY DC, 1996, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V19, P229 GLENN ND, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P21 GLICK P, 1991, SEX ROLES, V25, P351 GOULD SJ, 1991, J SOC ISSUES, V47, P43 GUTEK BA, 1982, J SOC ISSUES, V38, P55 HAAS L, 1995, FAMILIES MULTICULTUR, P268 HALPERN DF, 1997, AM PSYCHOL, V52, P1091 HARRIS M, 1993, SEX GENDER HIERARCHI, P57 HEMBROFF LA, 1982, SOC FORCES, V61, P183 HERZOG AR, 1983, SEX ROLES, V9, P109 HOUSE JS, 1995, SOCIOL PERSPECT, P387 HRDY SB, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P1 HYDE JS, 1996, SEX POWER CONFLICT E JACKSON LA, 1992, PHYSICAL APPEARANCE JACOBS JA, 1989, REVOLVING DOORS SEX JANICKI M, 1998, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P163 JONES D, 1995, CURR ANTHROPOL, V36, P723 KALICK SM, 1998, PSYCHOL SCI, V9, P8 KALMIJN M, 1991, AM J SOCIOL, V97, P496 KALMIJN M, 1994, AM J SOCIOL, V100, P422 KELLY RL, 1995, FORAGING SPECTRUM DI KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 KENRICK DT, 1996, SEX POWER CONFLICT E, P29 KERCKHOFF AC, 1995, SOCIOL PERSPECT, P476 LERNER G, 1986, CREATION PATRIARCHY LIPPA R, 1998, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V74, P996 LIPS HM, 1991, WOMEN MEN POWER LORENZICIOLDI F, 1998, EUROPEAN REV SOCIAL, V9, P31 MARE RD, 1991, AM SOCIOL REV, V56, P15 MOSCOWITZ DS, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P753 OLSON JM, 1996, SOCIAL PSYCHOL HDB B, P211 PFEFFER J, 1998, HDB SOCIAL PSYCHOL, V2, P733 POTTS R, 1984, AM SCI, V72, P338 PRESSER HB, 1994, AM SOCIOL REV, V59, P348 PWOERS EA, 1971, INT J SOCIOL FAM, V1, P207 RESKIN BF, 1994, WOMEN MEN WORK RIDGEWAY C, 1991, SOC FORCES, V70, P367 RIDGEWAY CL, 1992, GENDER INTERACTION I, P157 RIDGEWAY CL, 1997, AM SOCIOL REV, V62, P218 ROSE L, 1996, CURR ANTHROPOL, V37, P307 SANDAY PR, 1981, FEMALE POWER MALE DO SCHALLER M, 1997, AM PSYCHOL, V52, P1379 SHELTON BA, 1992, WOMEN MEN TIME GENDE SILVERMAN I, 1998, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P595 SIMON RJ, 1989, PUBLIC OPIN QUART, V53, P265 SINGH D, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V65, P293 SKRYPNEK BJ, 1982, J EXPT SOCIAL PSYCHO, V18, P277 SMITH EA, IN PRESS ADAPTATION SORK VL, 1997, FEMINISM EVOLUTIONAR, P86 SPENCE JT, 1997, PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART, V21, P17 SPRECHER S, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1074 STEIL JM, 1997, MARITAL EQUALITY ITS STRIER KB, 1994, YB PHYSICAL ANTHR, V37, P233 SYMONDS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU SYMONS D, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P137 TASSINARY LG, 1998, PSYCHOL SCI, V9, P150 TATTERSALL I, 1998, BECOMING HUMAN EVOLU TITTLE CK, 1981, CAREERS FAMILY SEX R TOMASKOVICDEVEY D, 1995, GENDER INEQUALITY WO, P23 TOOBY J, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P36 TOOBY J, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P375 TOOBY J, 1990, J PERS, V58, P17 TOOBY J, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P19 TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P241 TOYNBEE AJ, 1934, STUDY HIST, V1 TRAVIS CB, 1991, J SOC ISSUES, V47, P117 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 TWENGE JM, 1997, PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART, V21, P35 WEST C, 1987, GENDER SOC, V1, P125 WHYTE MK, 1978, STATUS WOMEN PREINDU WIEDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 WILEY MG, 1995, SOCIOL PERSPECT, P362 WILLIAMS GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S WOOD W, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P341 WOOD W, 1997, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V73, P523 WOOD W, 1999, SOCIAL STRUCTURE ORI NR 128 TC 224 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0003-066X J9 AMER PSYCHOL JI Am. Psychol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 54 IS 6 BP 408 EP 423 PG 16 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA 208EN UT ISI:000080977700002 ER PT J AU Grossbart, TA Sarwer, DB TI Cosmetic surgery: Surgical tools - Psychosocial goals SO SEMINARS IN CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article ID BODY-IMAGE DISSATISFACTION; DYSMORPHIC DISORDER AB What determines patients' goals for cosmetic surgery and their satisfaction with the outcome? Historical trends, body image theory, evolutionary biology, and clinical and experimental psychology each contribute answers. The physical changes that patients seek are typically a means to psychosocial goals. Individual objectives vary, but often share an origin in recurrent painful feelings, thoughts, or experiences. Surgical goals include: (1) changes in emotional states or cognitions; (2) improvement in interpersonal relationships; and (3) an altering of reactions of the larger society. Psychological studies of cosmetic surgery patients have been designed primarily to address two fundamental questions: (1) is there a preoperative psychological profile of cosmetic surgery patients; and (2) does cosmetic surgery produce enduring, beneficial psychological change? The use of specialized screening interview questions, and effective collaboration with mental health providers, help a wider range of patients achieve successful surgical outcomes. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Grossbart, TA, 466 Commonwealth Ave,Suite 201, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 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Cutan. Med. Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 18 IS 2 BP 101 EP 111 PG 11 SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 202UA UT ISI:000080669500002 ER PT J AU Doosje, B Rojahn, K Fischer, A TI Partner preferences as a function of gender, age, political orientation and level of education SO SEX ROLES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MATE SELECTION AB An important current debate concerns the origin of gender differences in partner preferences. These differences have been explained both in terms of evolutionary theory and in terms of social role theory. The present study determines the relative strengths of both perspectives by investigating, apart from gender the influence of three of her important factors on partner preferences and for which the two approaches offer divergent hypotheses: age, political orientation and level of education of the respondent. About 95% of the participants were White Dutch citizens, the rest were Dutch with one or two parents from a different ethnic background. Participants were requested to write down the most important characteristics of a potential partner (open-ended format), followed by an instruction to indicate the importance,of 39 pre-selected characteristics. Results show that men and women have highly similar preferences for characteristics in a potential partner In addition, it is demonstrated that on crucial characteristics from an evolutionary perspective (i.e., physical attractiveness and status) significant interactions between age, political orientation, level of education and/or gender of the respondents emerge. Most results offer support for a social role theory of human mate selection. It is concluded that because gender on its own merely explains a small proportion of the total variance in human mate selection, it is important to include other factors, not only in order to facilitate our understanding of the full complexity of partner preferences, but also in order to make theoretical progress in this area. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Dept Social Psychol, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Fischer, A, Univ Amsterdam, Dept Social Psychol, Roetersstr 15, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. CR ARCHER J, 1996, AM PSYCHOL, V51, P909 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1994, PSYCHOL CULTURE BUSSE WW, 1989, DRUGS S1, V37, P1 DARWIN C, 1859, ORIGIN SPECIES MEANS DARWIN C, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO EAGLY A, 1987, SEX DIFFERENCES SOCI FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V111, P304 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 HILL R, 1945, J HOME ECON, V37, P554 HOWARD JA, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P194 HUSTON TL, 1986, PSYCHOL MALE FEMALE KENRICK DT, 1993, PSYCHOL GENDER LOTTES IL, 1992, ADOLESCENCE, V27, P675 MCGINNIS R, 1958, SOC FORCES, V36, P368 SIDANIUS J, 1993, J PSYCHOL, V127, P311 SPENCE J, 1985, HDB SOCIAL PSYCHOL, V2 WAKIL P, 1973, SOC FORCES, V51, P471 NR 19 TC 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0360-0025 J9 SEX ROLES JI Sex Roles PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 60 PG 16 SC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Social; Women's Studies GA 170ET UT ISI:000078793900003 ER PT J AU Crow, TJ Crow, LR Done, DJ Leask, S TI Relative hand skill predicts academic ability: global deficits at the point of hemispheric indecision SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE hand skill; hemisphere; lateralisation; dominance; verbal ability; reading; dyslexia; sex difference; X chromosome; Y chromosome ID RIGHT-SHIFT THEORY; LEFT-HANDEDNESS; X-CHROMOSOME; Y-CHROMOSOME; INTELLIGENCE; EVOLUTION; ASYMMETRY; FAMILIES; SAMPLE; GENE AB Population variation in handedness (a correlate of cerebral dominance for language) is in part genetic and, it has been suggested, its persistence represents a balanced polymorphism with respect to cognitive ability. This hypothesis was tested in a sample of 12,770 individuals in a UK national cohort (the National Child Development Study) by assessing relative hand skill (in a square checking task) as a predictor of verbal, non-verbal, and mathematical ability and reading comprehension at the age of 11 years. Whereas some modest decrements were present in extreme right handers the most substantial deficits in ability were seen close to the point of equal hand skill ('hemispheric indecision'). For verbal ability females performed better than males, but the relationship to relative hand skill was closely similar for the two sexes; for reading comprehension males close to the point. of equal hand skill showed greater impairments than females. Analysed by writing hand the relationship of ability to hand skill appeared symmetrical about the point of 'hemispheric indecision'. The variation associated with degrees of dominance may reflect the operation of continuing selection on the gene (postulated to be X-Y linked) by which language evolved and speciation occurred. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Prince Wales Int Ctr, Oxford OX3 7JX, England. Univ Nottingham, Dept Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Psychol, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Crow, TJ, Univ Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Prince Wales Int Ctr, Oxford OX3 7JX, England. EM tim.crow@psychiatry.oxford.ac.uk CR ANNETT M, 1985, RIGHT HAND BRAIN RIG ANNETT M, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V80, P213 ANNETT M, 1995, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V14, P427 BICKERTON D, 1995, LANGUAGE HUMAN BEHAV BISHOP DV, 1990, HANDEDNESS DEV DISOR, P124 BROCA P, 1861, B SOC ANAT PARIS, V6, P330 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CALNAN M, 1976, ANN HUM BIOL, V3, P329 CARTERSALTZMAN L, 1980, SCIENCE, V209, P1263 CHEN HM, 1994, HUM MUTAT, V4, P208 CLEVELAND WS, 1979, J AM STAT ASSOC, V74, P829 CORBALLIS MC, 1991, LOP SIDED APE EVOLUT CORBALLIS MC, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P50 CORBALLIS MC, 1997, PSYCHOL REV, V104, P714 CROW TJ, 1993, LANCET, V342, P594 CROW TJ, 1994, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V67, P393 CROW TJ, 1996, SCHIZOPHR RES, V22, P181 CROW TJ, 1997, SCHIZOPHR RES, V28, P127 CROW TJ, 1997, UNPUB DID HOMO SAPIE DAX M, 1865, GAZETTE HEBDOMADAL M, V11, P259 GANGESTAD SW, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V8, P572 GOODGLASS H, 1954, BRAIN, V77, P521 GOODMAN JDT, 1997, J BIOSOC SCI, V29, P181 GOODMAN JDT, 1997, J BIOSOC SCI, V29, P63 HALPERN DF, 1992, SEX DIFFERENCES COGN HARDYCK C, 1976, CORTEX, V12, P266 LAMBSON B, 1992, GENOMICS, V14, P1032 LEASK SJ, 1997, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V35, P1381 LEVY J, 1969, NATURE, V224, P614 MACCOBY EE, 1975, PSYCHOL SEX DIFFEREN MACSORLEY K, 1964, ANN HUMAN GENETICS L, V27, P247 MCGLONE J, 1980, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V3, P215 MCGREW WC, 1997, ANTHROPOLOGY, V40, P201 MCMANUS IC, 1991, CIBA F SYMP, V162, P251 MCMANUS IC, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHOL 4, V84, P517 MILLER E, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V62, P111 PAGE DC, 1984, NATURE, V311, P119 PALMER RE, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHOL 4, V87, P609 RESCH F, 1997, BRIT J PSYCHOL 4, V88, P621 SHEPHERD PM, 1985, 1 CIT U TAPLEY SM, 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V23, P215 VOGEL HP, 1979, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V60, P483 WHITTINGTON JE, 1991, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V29, P1075 ZANGWILL OL, 1960, CEREBRAL DOMINANCE I NR 44 TC 84 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PD DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1275 EP 1282 PG 8 SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental GA 144XK UT ISI:000077340800002 ER PT J AU Ben Hamida, S Mineka, S Bailey, JM TI Sex differences in perceived controllability of mate value: An evolutionary perspective SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-HIP RATIO; BODY-IMAGE DISSATISFACTION; GENDER DIFFERENCES; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; MENTAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY; 37 CULTURES; LIFE EVENTS; SELF-IMAGE AB Men and women value different characteristics in potential partners. It was hypothesized that women feel they have less control over traits relevant to their desirability than men feel they have over traits related to male desirability. In Study 1, undergraduates (N = 150) completed questionnaires measuring (a) the importance they attributed to 64 characteristics when choosing a mate and (b) their perceived control over these traits. Men selected partners on the basis of traits that are relatively uncontrollable (e.g., youth, attractiveness), whereas women selected partners on the basis of traits that are more controllable (e.g., status, industriousness; d = 1.75). In Study 2, these findings were replicated in an older, representative community sample (N = 301; d = 1.03). Greater uncontrollability of traits relevant to female mate value may place women at elevated risk for negative affect, depression, low self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Psychol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Ben Hamida, S, Northwestern Univ, Dept Psychol, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM sbhamida@u.washington.edu CR ABRAMSON LY, 1978, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V87, P49 ABRAMSON LY, 1989, PSYCHOL REV, V96, P358 ALLGOODMERTEN B, 1990, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V99, P55 ALTABE M, 1993, INT J EAT DISORDER, V13, P323 BAILEY JM, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1081 BAIZE HR, 1995, J SOC BEHAV PERS, V10, P517 BAKAN D, 1966, DUALITY HUMAN EXISTE BARRETT J, 1987, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V12, P167 BELL AP, 1978, HOMOSEXUALITIES STUD BELLE D, 1990, AM PSYCHOL, V45, P385 BOLOGNINI M, 1996, J ADOLESCENCE, V19, P233 BOYD JH, 1986, PSYCHIATRY, V5, P1039 BRADFORD J, 1987, NATL LESBIAN HLTH CA BROMAN CL, 1995, AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL, V23, P813 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1991, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V42, P459 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE BUSS DM, 1997, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V72, P346 COCHRANE R, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V139, P373 COHEN J, 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA CONGER RD, 1993, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V34, P71 CROSBY FJ, 1982, RELATIVE DEPRIVATION DARWIN C, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO DEAUX K, 1984, SEX ROLES, V11, P363 EAGLY AH, 1986, PSYCHOL BULL, V100, P309 ELLIS L, 1995, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V16, P257 FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 FEINGOLD A, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P429 FISHER RA, 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT FURNHAM A, 1994, EUR J PERSONALITY, V8, P183 FURNHAM A, 1997, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V22, P539 GARNER DM, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V10, P647 GILBERT P, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V51, P740 GLASS DC, 1972, URBAN STRESS EXPT NO HALPERN D, 1992, SEX DIFFERENCES COGN HERZOG DB, 1991, J NERV MENT DIS, V179, P356 HERZOG DB, 1992, INT J EAT DISORDER, V11, P391 HYDE JS, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P722 JANKOWIAK WR, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P73 JENSEN AR, 1981, STRAIGHT TALK MENTAL JOINER TE, 1994, INT J EAT DISORDER, V16, P199 KENRICK DT, 1990, J PERS, V58, P97 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 KENRICK DT, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V64, P951 KESSLER RC, 1982, AM SOCIOL REV, V47, P752 KESSLER RC, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P8 KING CA, 1996, J EARLY ADOLESCENCE, V16, P192 MACCOBY EE, 1974, PSYCHOL SEX DIFFEREN MARSELLA AJ, 1981, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V12, P360 MCCABE M, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1117 MCCRAE RR, 1992, J PERS, V60, P2 MINEKA S, 1985, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V36, P495 MINEKA S, 1985, ANXIETY ANXIETY DISO, P199 MINEKA S, 1989, STRESS PERSONAL CONT, P163 MINEKA S, 1996, NEBRASKA S MOTIVATIO, V43, P135 MURRAY HA, 1953, EXPLORATIONS PERSONA NISBETT RE, 1977, PSYCHOL REV, V84, P231 NOLENHOEKSEMA S, 1990, SEX DIFFERENCES DEPR NOLES SW, 1985, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V53, P88 PETERSEN AC, 1984, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V13, P93 PETERSON C, 1993, LEARNED HELPLESSNESS PHELPS L, 1993, J ADOLESCENT RES, V8, P297 PLINER P, 1990, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V16, P263 PRICE J, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P309 PRITCHARD C, 1988, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V23, P85 PRITCHARD C, 1990, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V25, P73 PRITCHARD C, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P750 REVELLE W, 1979, ALPHA VSS ICLUST RIERDAN J, 1987, J EARLY ADOLESC, V7, P205 RIERDAN J, 1989, J EARLY ADOLESC, V9, P454 RIERDAN J, 1991, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V20, P415 RODIN J, 1984, NEBRASKA S MOTIVATIO, V32, P267 SELIGMAN MEP, 1975, HELPLESSNESS DEPRESS SIEGELMAN M, 1979, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V8, P121 SIEVER MD, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P252 SIMMONS RG, 1987, MOVING ADOLESCENCE I SINGH D, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V65, P293 SINGH D, 1995, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V16, P465 SINGH D, 1995, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V16, P483 SPRECHER S, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P1074 SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU SYMONS D, 1980, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V3, P171 TAYLOR PA, 1976, AM SOCIOL REV, V41, P484 TERI L, 1982, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V11, P101 TOBINRICHARDS MH, 1983, GIRLS PUBERTY BIOL P, P127 TRIVERS R, 1985, SOCIAL EVOLUTION TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 TURNER RJ, 1989, J NERV MENT DIS, V177, P443 WEISSMAN MM, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P141 WOOD KC, 1996, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P85 NR 92 TC 9 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-3514 J9 J PERSONAL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 953 EP 966 PG 14 SC Psychology, Social GA 137TV UT ISI:000076933200008 ER PT J AU Davis, A TI Age differences in dating and marriage: Reproductive strategies or social preferences SO CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MATE SELECTION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; 37 CULTURES; ADVERTISEMENTS C1 St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Anthropol & Sociol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. RP Davis, A, St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Anthropol & Sociol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. CR BEM SL, 1993, LENSES GENDER TRANSF BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1987, SOCIOBIOLOGY PSYCHOL BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1992, EVOLVED MECH HUMAN B DAVIS A, 1997, TRANSGRESSING BORDER FAUSTOSTERLING A, 1993, MYTHS GENDER BIOL TH FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V112, P125 GOTTSCHALL WP, 1997, THESIS F XAVIER U AN GREENLEES MH, 1994, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V15, P59 HOWARD JA, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P194 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 MCGUFFIN P, 1997, NATURE, V387, P652 ORBACH S, 1997, GUARDIAN WEEK 0614, P1 RIDLEY M, 1997, DAILY TELEGRAPH 0613, P28 SANDAY PR, 1981, FEMALE POWER MALE DO SHIBLEYHYDE J, 1985, HALF HUMAN EXPERIENC THIESSEN V, 1993, ARGUING NUMBERS STAT UTLEY T, 1997, DAILY TELEGRAPH 0613, P9 WEEKS JR, 1986, POPULATION INTRO CON WIEDERMAN MW, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P331 WILSON S, 1997, SCOTSMAN 0612, P4 WOLF N, 1990, BEAUTY MYTY IMAGES B NR 24 TC 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0011-3204 J9 CURR ANTHROPOL JI Curr. Anthropol. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 3 BP 374 EP 380 PG 7 SC Anthropology GA ZN884 UT ISI:000073693200012 ER PT J AU Speed, A Gangestad, SW TI Romantic popularity and mate preferences: A peer-nomination study SO PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; 37 CULTURES; SELECTION; PERSONALITY; HYPOTHESIS; STRATEGIES; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR AB In their quest to understand romantic relationships, researchers have extensively examined mate preferences. Self-report methods have been most commonly employed. In this study, the authors used a methodology not employed in other studies to date. First, they used peer reports of dating popularity to assess the extent to which individuals of varying qualities are romantically pursued by opposite-sex individuals. Second, the authors obtained peer nominations of a variety of qualities that self-report studies of mate preferences indicate may be important. Results revealed that romantically popular men. are physically attractive outgoing, and seen as trendsetters. Romantically popular women were also viewed as physically attractive and as trendsetters. In contrast to the self-report literature, men who were seen as having most potential for financial success were not particularly popular. Results are discussed with respect to the self-reported preferences literature. RP Speed, A, UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PSYCHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87151. 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Soc. Psychol. Bull. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 23 IS 9 BP 928 EP 936 PG 9 SC Psychology, Social GA YD999 UT ISI:A1997YD99900002 ER PT J AU Walter, A TI The evolutionary psychology of mate selection in Morocco - A multivariate analysis SO HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE cousin marriage; domain specificity; evolutionary psychology; inbreeding avoidance; mate selection; Morocco; sociobiology ID INCEST AVOIDANCE; WESTERMARCK HYPOTHESIS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; 37 CULTURES; PREFERENCES; STRATEGIES; MARRIAGE; TABOO AB Patterns of mate preference in Morocco are investigated in order to test whether they support hypotheses advanced by David Buss and other evolutionary psychologists. Because of the custom of cousin marriage in Morocco, a multivariate model that included cosocialization data was developed for the purpose of testing the Westermarck hypothesis of inbreeding avoidance. Hence, two previously separate domains of research are unified in one design that permits the further exploration of questions pertaining to the domain specificity of psychological mechanisms. Multiple independent mate choice predictors were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results support the Westermarck hypothesis of inbreeding avoidance. sleeping in the same room during childhood was found in both sexes to produce an aversion to marriage. Other evidence suggests that aversion to inbreeding extends further among females than males in that females but not males show an aversion to marriage to related individuals with whom they had daily social contact in early childhood. The evolutionary prediction that females differ from males concerning resource holding capacity was also supported. Females showed a preference for males whom they judged to have higher social status than theirs, while this criterion was unimportant for males. The predicted sex difference in preferred age of marriage partner was also supported. Contrary to previous findings, the predicted difference between the sexes with regard to physical attractiveness was not supported. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. CR BEVC I, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P171 BOURDIEU P, 1977, OUTLINE THEORY PRACT BUSS DM, 1985, AM SCI, V73, P47 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1988, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P291 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1990, MOTIV EMOTION, V14, P264 BUSS DM, 1991, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V42, P459 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR CAPORAEL LR, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P17 COSMIDES L, 1994, MAPPING MIND DALY M, 1982, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V3, P11 DEMAREST WJ, 1983, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V6, P106 DIGGLE P, 1994, ANAL LONGITUDINAL DA FOX R, 1962, BRIT J SOCIOL, V13, P128 GLENN ND, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P21 HOLY L, 1989, KINSHIP HONOUR SOLID HOSMER DW, 1989, INTRO APPL LOGISTIC IRONS W, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P24 KENRICK DT, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P75 KHURI FI, 1970, MAN, V5, P597 KITCHER P, 1985, VAULTING AMBITION LEAVITT GC, 1990, AM ANTHROPOL, V92, P971 LUMSDEN CJ, 1981, GENES MIND CULTURE MCCABE J, 1983, AM ANTHROPOL, V85, P50 PARKER S, 1976, AM ANTHROPOL, V78, P285 PASTNER C, 1986, J ANTHROPOL RES, V42, P573 REMOFF HT, 1984, SEXUAL CHOICE WOMANS SHEPHER J, 1971, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V1, P293 SHEPHER J, 1983, INCEST BIOSOCIAL VIE SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU SYMONS D, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P34 SYMONS D, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P131 THORNHILL NW, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P113 THORNHILL NW, 1991, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V14, P205 TOOBY J, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P375 TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P241 TOWNSEND JM, 1990, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V19, P149 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 VANDENBERGHE PL, 1983, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V6, P91 WALLEN K, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P37 WEIDERMAN MW, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 WEIDERMAN MW, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P115 WEIDERMAN MW, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P331 WELHAM CVJ, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P97 WESTERMARCK E, 1926, SHORT HIST MARRIAGE WOLF AP, 1968, AM ANTHROPOL, V70, P864 WOLF AP, 1970, AM ANTHROPOL, V72, P503 WOLF AP, 1980, MARRIAGE ADOPTION CH NR 51 TC 13 PU ALDINE DE GRUYTER DIVISION WALTER DE GRUYTER INC PI HAWTHORNE PA 200 SAW MILL RIVER, HAWTHORNE, NY 10532 SN 1045-6767 J9 HUM NATURE-INT BIOSOC PERSPEC JI Hum. Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 113 EP 137 PG 25 SC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA XM080 UT ISI:A1997XM08000001 ER PT J AU Smith, PB Dugan, S Trompenaars, F TI Locus of control and affectivity by gender and occupational status: A 14 nation study SO SEX ROLES LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL LITERATURE; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PERCEIVED LOCUS; CONTROL SCALE; PERSONALITY; DIMENSIONS; BEHAVIOR; PERSPECTIVE; COUNTRIES AB This study investigated the extent to which reported gender differences in values are attributable to differences in national culture and organizational seniority Locus of control and affectivity scores were obtained from 4599 managers and employees in business organizations located in 14 countries. Across nations, men and those in senior positions were more internal and less affective. Gender effects were additional to those attributable to stands. Respondents in nations scoring higher on an index of modernity were found to be less internal. A pan-cultural factor analysis of locus of control items yielded four subscales. Men and those in senior positions scored higher on Socio-Political Control and Effort but no differences were found on the Luck and Active Friendship subscales. The results are contrasted with those obtained from single-nation samples using student subjects. RP Smith, PB, UNIV SUSSEX,SCH SOCIAL SCI,FALMER,BRIGHTON BN1 9QN,E SUSSEX,ENGLAND. CR 1990, EC BOOK VITAL WORLD ABRAHAMSON D, 1973, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V41, P320 AGGARWAL YP, 1975, KURUKSHETRA U RES J, V9, P26 BAKAN D, 1966, DUALITY HUMAN EXISTE BARRICK MR, 1991, PERS PSYCHOL, V44, P1 BARTAL D, 1977, CONTEMP EDUC PSYCHOL, V2, P181 BEM SL, 1974, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V42, P155 BEST DL, 1980, SEX ROLES, V6, P735 BHATTACHARYA R, 1985, PSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P166 BOND MH, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V55, P1009 BOND MH, 1996, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V47, P205 BRISLIN RW, 1973, CROSS CULTURAL RES M BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CHA JH, 1994, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC COLE DL, 1977, J SOC PSYCHOL, V101, P21 COOPER HM, 1981, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V40, P562 DEAN LR, 1961, AM SOCIOL REV, V26, P80 DEBRABANDER B, 1990, J SOC PSYCHOL, V130, P271 DIGMAN JM, 1990, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V41, P417 DOHERTY WJ, 1985, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V48, P1048 DYAL JA, 1984, RES LOCUS CONTROL CO, V3 EAGLY AH, 1981, PSYCHOL BULL, V90, P1 EAGLY AH, 1986, PSYCHOL BULL, V100, P283 EAGLY AH, 1986, PSYCHOL BULL, V100, P309 EAGLY AH, 1987, SEX DIFFERENCES SOCI EAGLY AH, 1991, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V17, P306 ESCOVAR LA, 1981, INT J GROUP TENSIONS, V11, P17 FEATHER NT, 1967, AUSTR J PSYCHOL, V19, P253 GILLIGAN C, 1982, DIFFERENT VOICE GOLDBERG LR, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P1216 GOUGH HG, 1980, ADJECTIVE CHECKLIST HALL JA, 1984, NONVERBAL SEX DIFFER HALL JA, 1986, PSYCHOL GENDER ADV M HOFSTEDE G, 1980, CULTURES CONSEQUENCE JOHN OP, 1989, PERSONALITY PSYCHOL JORM AF, 1987, AUSTR NZ J PSYCHIATR, V21, P501 KALIN R, 1978, PSYCHOL REP, V42, P731 KANTER RM, 1977, MEN WOMEN CORPORATIO KASHIMA Y, 1995, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V69, P925 KHANNA P, 1979, INT J PSYCHOL, V14, P207 LAO RC, 1977, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V8, P299 LEE VK, 1992, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V23, P288 LEFCOURT HM, 1981, RES LOCUS CONTROL CO, V1 LEFCOURT HM, 1982, LOCUS CONTROL LEUNG K, 1989, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V20, P133 LITTLE CB, 1977, J GENET PSYCHOL, V131, P329 MACCOBY EE, 1974, PSYCHOL SEX DIFFEREN MCCRAE RR, 1990, PERSONALITY ADULTHOO MCGINNIES E, 1974, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V42, P451 OBRIEN GE, 1984, RES LOCUS CONTROL CO, V3 PARSONS OA, 1974, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V42, P456 PARSONS T, 1951, SOCIAL SYSTEM PARSONS T, 1955, FAMILY SOCIALIZATION PHARES EJ, 1976, LOCUS CONTROL PERSON REYKOWSKI J, 1994, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC ROTTER JB, 1966, PSYCHOL MONOGRAPHS, V80 SCHNEIDER JM, 1970, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V1, P131 SCHWARTZ SH, 1909, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC SMITH PB, 1995, INT J PSYCHOL, V30, P377 SMITH PB, 1996, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V27, P231 SPENCE JT, 1978, MASCULINITY FEMININI TRAPNELL PD, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P781 TROMPENAARS E, 1985, THESIS U PENNSYLVANI WATSON JM, 1981, AUSTR J PSYCHOL, V33, P319 WILLIAMS E, 1990, SEX PSYCHE GENDER SE WILLIAMS JE, 1982, MEASURING SEX STEREO YAMAGUICI S, 1994, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC YANG KS, 1988, CROSSCULTURAL CHALLE YUCHTMANYAAR E, 1981, SEX ROLES, V7, P149 NR 69 TC 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0360-0025 J9 SEX ROLES JI Sex Roles PD JAN PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 77 PG 27 SC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Social; Women's Studies GA WR788 UT ISI:A1997WR78800003 ER PT J AU Verkuyten, M Masson, K TI Culture and gender differences in the perception of friendship by adolescents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-CONSTRUALS; UNITED-STATES; INDIVIDUALISM; COLLECTIVISM; PREFERENCES; PERSPECTIVE; TENDENCIES; CHINESE; RULES; JAPAN AB This study examines personal collectivism and individualism (or allocentrism and idiocentrism) in relation to the perception of same-sex friendships among adolescents living in a multi-ethnic context in the Netherlands. Respondents originally from collectivist cultures were more allocentric than respondents originally from individualist cultures. Among the former group allocentrism was unrelated to idiocentrism, whereas a negative relation was found among the latter group. Allocentrism was related to a greater sensitivity to friends, using more ascribed features in describing friends, having fewer friends but seeing their relationship as closer, perceiving less intimacy with other-than-best-friends, and endorsing rules about relations with third parties more. Idiocentrism was related to less sensitivity to friends, using more personal characteristics in describing friends, but also to having fewer friends, talking less intimately with others, and endorsing friendship rules about intimacy less. Additionally, gender had independent effects on the perception of friendship, suggesting that cultural and gender differences cannot be characterized by the same set of features. C1 ERASMUS UNIV ROTTERDAM,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP Verkuyten, M, UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT GEN SOCIAL SCI,HEIDELBERGLAAN 2,NL-3584 CS UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. 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J. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 5 BP 207 EP 217 PG 11 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA VQ951 UT ISI:A1996VQ95100004 ER PT J AU Logan, MH Qirko, HN TI An evolutionary perspective on maladaptive traits and cultural conformity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HUMAN SOCIOBIOLOGY; MATE PREFERENCES; 37 CULTURES; ANTHROPOLOGY; ADAPTATION; PSYCHOLOGY; BIOLOGY; SPEARS; STYLE AB The problem of maladaptive cultural traits is explored through the notion of adaptive psychological mechanisms. It is suggested that the theory of a specific conformity mechanism is plausible, supported by multidisciplinary data, and helpful in explaining the proliferation and persistence of human maladaptive behavior. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Logan, MH, UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ANTHROPOL,252 S STADIUM HALL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. 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V10, P163 WILLIAMS GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S WILSON DS, 1994, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V17, P585 WUKETITS FM, 1990, EVOLUTIONARY EPISTEM NR 150 TC 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AMER J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 5 BP 615 EP 629 PG 15 SC Anthropology; Biology GA VP962 UT ISI:A1996VP96200007 ER PT J AU Catania, JA Binson, D Stone, V TI Relationship of sexual mixing across age and ethnic groups to herpes simplex virus-2 among unmarried heterosexual adults with multiple sexual partners SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS; epidemiology; herpes; sexual mixing ID AIDS BEHAVIORAL SURVEYS; POPULATION-BASED AMEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; CONDOM USE; MULTIETHNIC NEIGHBORHOODS; WHITE HETEROSEXUALS; HIV-INFECTION; 37 CULTURES; HIGH-RISK; PREFERENCES AB Sexual mixing is important to understanding how sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) spread in the general population, and, identifying people who mix across social groups aids HIV-STD prevention. The authors examined (a) the extent to which people have sexual partners from other sexual networks (disassortative mixing) in a probability sample of unmarried heterosexual adults reporting multiple sexual partners (N = 545) and (b) the relationship between mixing and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2). After demographic variables and number of lifetime sexual partners were controlled for, heavy mixers were significantly more likely to be HSV-2 positive. Degree of mixing down produced the most powerful relationship to HSV-2. Age, education, ethnicity, and a history of incarceration or IV drug use were found to distinguish between light and heavy mixers, although differences between ethnic and age mixing were observed. The results have implications for understanding HIV-STD transmission and for directing interventions toward population segments at high risk for transmitting HIV-STDs. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. 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PD SEP PY 1996 VL 15 IS 5 BP 362 EP 370 PG 9 SC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology GA VL047 UT ISI:A1996VL04700005 ER PT C AU Gibbons, JL Richter, RR Wiley, DC Stiles, DA TI Adolescents' opposite-sex ideal in four countries SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper ID YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; INDIVIDUALISM; COLLECTIVISM; CULTURES; SELF AB Six hundred young adolescents (11 to 16 years old) from 4 countries (Guatemala, Iceland, Mexico, and the United States) ranked the importance of 10 qualities of the opposite-sex ideal person. Those from the United States responded in an individualistic fashion: they ranked being fun, being sexy, and having considerable money as important for the ideal. Those from Guatemala responded in a collectivistic fashion: they ranked liking children as important, but being fun and good looking as unimportant. Adolescents from Mexico and Iceland reported patterns of values not clearly associated with either collectivism or individualism. C1 WEBSTER UNIV,DEPT EDUC,ST LOUIS,MO 63119. RP Gibbons, JL, ST LOUIS UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,221 N GRAND BLVD,ST LOUIS,MO 63103. CR 1987, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V18, P143 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CLIFFORD M, 1981, ACTIVITIES READINGS CURRY TF, 1981, ADOLESCENCE, V16, P779 DIAZGUERRERO R, 1994, CROSS CULTURAL TOPIC, P125 ELKIND D, 1984, ALL GROWN NO PLACE G GIBBONS JL, 1990, J EARLY ADOLESC, V10, P89 GIBBONS JL, 1990, J SOC PSYCHOL, V129, P859 HILL JP, 1983, GIRLS PUBERTY BIOL P, P201 HOFSTEDE G, 1980, CULTURES CONSEQUENCE HOFSTEDE G, 1983, EXPISCATIONS CROSS C, P335 HOFSTEDE G, 1991, CULTURES ORG SOFTWAR KAGITCIBASI C, 1989, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V40, P493 KAGITCIBASI C, 1990, APPL CROSS CULTURAL, P121 LEFLEY HP, 1994, CROSS CULTURAL TOPIC, P179 LEUNG K, 1990, APPL CROSS CULTURAL, P209 MARKUS HR, 1991, PSYCHOL REV, V98, P224 MATSUMOTO D, 1994, CROSS CULTURAL TOPIC, P115 MUNROE RL, 1991, BEHAV SCI RES, V25, P23 SCHWARTZ SH, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P550 SCHWARTZ SH, 1994, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC, P85 SEIGEL S, 1956, NONPARAMETRIC STAT B SINHA D, 1994, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC, P123 STILES DA, 1987, SEX ROLES, V17, P313 STILES DA, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P180 TRIANDIS HC, 1986, AUST J PSYCHOL, V38, P257 TRIANDIS HC, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P323 TRIANDIS HC, 1990, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC, P41 TRIANDIS HC, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P1006 NR 29 TC 7 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0022-4545 J9 J SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Soc. Psychol. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 136 IS 4 BP 531 EP 537 PG 7 SC Psychology, Social GA VK694 UT ISI:A1996VK69400012 ER PT J AU Rowanchilde, R TI Male genital modification - A sexual selection interpretation SO HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE sexual selection; mate choice; sociosexual signals; sexual enhancement; honest signals; female orgasm; cooperation ID MATE SELECTION; 37 CULTURES; PREFERENCES; HANDICAP; CHOICE; HYPOTHESIS; EXPERIENCE; FEMALES; WOMEN AB By modifying the body in meaningful ways, human beings establish their identity and social status. Lip plugs, ear plugs, penis sheaths, cosmetics, ornaments, scarification, body piercings, and genital modifications encode and transmit messages about age, sex, social status, health, and attractiveness from one individual to another. Through sociocultural sexual selection, male genital modification plays an important role as a sociosexual signal in both male competition and female mate choice. The reliability of the signal correlates with the cost of acquiring the trait. Women use a variety of cues to assess male quality. Male genital modification is one way that some women assess their mates. Extreme male genital modifications not only honestly advertise status, sexual potency, and ability to provide sexual satisfaction, they may provide a reliable index of male-female cooperation through the male's commitment to endure pain and risk. RP Rowanchilde, R, UNIV TORONTO,DEPT SOCIOL,3359 MISSISSAUGA RD N,MISSISSAUGA,ON L5L 1C6,CANADA. CR ADRIANI N, 1951, NIEUWE RECKS, P55 ANDERSSON M, 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION BERNDT R, 1951, SEXUAL BEHAV W ARNHE BERNS MC, 1988, MARKS CIVILIZATION, P57 BETTELHEIM B, 1954, SYMBOLIC WOUNDS PUBE BIANCHI RS, 1988, MARKS CIVILIZATION, P1 BILMES J, 1980, ANTHR HUMANISM Q, V5, P10 BOHANNAN P, 1988, MARKS CIVILIZATION, P77 BRAIN R, 1979, DECORATED BODY BROWN DE, 1988, PENIS INSERTS SE ASI BROWN DE, 1990, FEMALE MALE BORNEO, P435 BUSCH H, 1990, KOKIGAMI INTIMATE AR BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CARTER CS, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P131 CAVALLISFORZA LL, 1981, CULTURAL TRANSMISSIO CAWTE JE, 1966, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V39, P245 CHESSER E, 1957, SEXUAL MARITAL FAMIL DARLING CA, 1991, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V20, P527 DARWIN C, 1817, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO DAVIS KE, 1991, CONTEMP SOCIOL, V20, P141 DAWKINS MS, 1991, ANIM BEHAV, V41, P865 DREWAL HJ, 1988, MARKS CIVILIZATION, P83 DUGATKIN LA, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P1384 EBERHARD WG, 1985, SEXUAL SELECTION ANI ELLIS BJ, 1992, PSYCHOL MATING SEX, P267 FARIS JC, 1972, NUBA PERSONAL ART FARIS JC, 1988, MARKS CIVILIZATION, P29 FISHER RA, 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT FISHER S, 1973, FEMALE ORGASM PSYCHO GLADSJO LA, 1991, STIGMATA GOULD RA, 1968, MED OPINION REV, V4, P59 GRAFEN A, 1990, J THEOR BIOL, V144, P517 HAARTMAN K, 1992, MELANIE KLEIN OBJECT, V10, P69 HARRINGTON C, 1968, AM ANTHROPOL, V70, P951 HARRISSON T, 1956, SARAWAK MUS J, V7, P263 HEYWOOD JS, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P1387 HOELZER GA, 1989, ANIM BEHAV, V38, P1067 HOGBIN I, 1970, ISLAND MENSTRUATING HURLBERT DF, 1991, J SEX MARITAL THER, V17, P183 KAEPPLER A, 1988, MARKS CIVILIZATION, P157 KINSEY AC, 1953, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR HUMA KIRKPATRICK M, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P1 KODRICBROWN A, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P309 LANDE R, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P213 LIGHTFOOTKLEIN H, 1989, J SEX RES, V26, P375 LOW B, 1892, J ANTHR I, V22, P22 MANTEGAZZA P, 1935, SEXUAL RELATIONS MAN MARSHALL DS, 1971, HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIO, P103 MAYNARDSMITH J, 1991, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V6, P146 MCLUHAN TC, 1971, TOUCH EARTH SELF POR MEGGITT MJ, 1965, DESERT PEOPLE STUDY MONTAGU MF, 1974, COMING BEING AUSTR A MYERS J, 1992, J CONTEMP ETHNOGR, V21, P267 OGDEN G, 1988, WOMEN THER, V7, P43 OTTO HA, 1988, 31 ANN M SOC SCI STU PAIGE KE, 1981, POLITICS REPRODUCTIV POMIANKOWSKI A, 1987, J THEOR BIOL, V128, P195 PRICE T, 1993, BIOL J LINN SOC, V48, P187 RAINWATER L, 1966, J SOC ISSUES, V22, P96 RANCOURLAFERRIE.D, 1985, SIGNS FLESH ROBERTS AF, 1988, MARKS CIVILIZATION, P41 ROHEIM G, 1945, ETERNAL ONES DREAM ROHEIM G, 1974, CHILDREN DESERT SEEGER A, 1975, ETHNOLOGY, V14, P211 SEVELY J, 1987, EVES SECRETS SEVELY JL, 1978, J SEX RES, V14, P1 SIGGERS J, 1996, IN PRESS J FIELD ARC SIGMON BA, 1995, INT S PRIM ONT PRIM SINGER P, 1967, AM ANTHROPOL, V69, P355 SMUTS B, 1994, HUMAN NATURE, V6, P1 SPENDER B, 1927, ARUNTA STUDY STONE A STRATHERN A, 1971, SELF DECORATION MOUN TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 TURNER T, 1980, NOT WORK ALONE, P112 TURNER TS, 1971, CONFORMITY CONFLICT, P96 VALE V, 1989, MODERN PRIMITIVES IN VOGEL S, 1988, MARKS CIVILIZATION, P97 WEATHERHEAD PJ, 1979, AM NAT, V113, P201 WHITE R, 1989, EMERGENCE MODERN HUM, P211 WHITING JWM, 1958, READINGS SOCIAL PSYC, P359 WICKLER W, 1967, PRIMATE ETHOLOGY, P69 WILLIS L, 1989, AFR ARTS, V23, P62 ZAHAVI A, 1975, J THEOR BIOL, V53, P205 ZAHAVI A, 1977, J THEOR BIOL, V67, P603 NR 86 TC 6 PU ALDINE DE GRUYTER DIVISION WALTER DE GRUYTER INC PI HAWTHORNE PA 200 SAW MILL RIVER, HAWTHORNE, NY 10532 SN 1045-6767 J9 HUM NATURE-INT BIOSOC PERSPEC JI Hum. Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect. PY 1996 VL 7 IS 2 BP 189 EP 215 PG 27 SC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA UP827 UT ISI:A1996UP82700005 ER PT J AU Berdahl, JL TI Gender and leadership in work groups: Six alternative models SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGICAL ANDROGYNY; SEX; METAANALYSIS; EMERGENCE; DOMINANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Interest in understanding the dynamics of gender and leadership has blossomed in recent years as occupations and organizations have become less sex-segregated. Much of the work in this area has failed to draw on the wealth of theoretical work that addresses the dynamics of gender in social interaction. The aim of this article is to review several theoretical traditions within the gender literature that have social psychological implications for emergent status structures for groups of varying sex compositions over rime. Six models are developed with competing predictions for leadership emergence and status structures, and existing evidence is compared with model predictions. The article concludes by noting that greater understanding can be reached by performing competitive tests of a variety of models, such as the ones presented in this article, and doing so by studying groups over time. RP Berdahl, JL, UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,603 E DANIEL ST,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. CR ARIES E, 1976, SMALL GROUP BEHAV, V7, P7 BALES RF, 1950, INTERACTION PROCESS BEM SL, 1974, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V42, P155 BEM SL, 1981, BEM SEX ROLE INVENTO BEM SL, 1987, REV PERSONALITY SOCI, V7, P251 BERDAHL JL, IN PRESS COMPUTER SO BERDAHL JL, 1992, UNPUB MASCULINITY FE BERDAHL JL, 1993, UNPUB THEORY GENDER BERDAHL JL, 1996, THESIS U ILLINOIS UR BLEIER R, 1984, SCI GENDER CRITIQUE BOHAN JS, 1993, PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART, V17, P5 BOWERS DG, 1966, ADM SCI Q, V11, P283 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CARLI LL, 1991, ADV GROUP PROCESSES, V8, P89 CHODOROW N, 1974, WOMEN CULTURE SOC, P42 CONSTANTINOPLE A, 1973, PSYCHOL BULL, V80, P389 DAVIS JH, 1973, PSYCHOL REV, V80, P97 DEAUX K, 1984, AM PSYCHOL, V39, P105 DEAUX K, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P369 DONOVAN J, 1990, FEMINIST THEORY INTE EAGLY AH, 1987, SEX DIFFERENCES SOCI EAGLY AH, 1990, PSYCHOL BULL, V108, P233 EAGLY AH, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V60, P685 ENGELS F, 1978, FEMINIST FRAMEWORKS, P109 FIEDLER FE, 1978, ADV EXPT SOCIAL PSYC, P209 GAILEY CW, 1987, ANAL GENDER HDB SOCI, P32 GILLES AE, 1990, THESIS U ILLINOIS UR GILLIGAN C, 1982, DIFFERENT VOICE GOODENOUGH WH, 1981, CULTURE LANGUAGE SOC GUTEK BA, 1982, J SOC ISSUES, V38, P55 HARTSOCK N, 1983, DISCOVERING REALITY, P283 HAWKINS KW, 1995, SMALL GR RES, V26, P234 HEGSTROM JL, 1992, SEX ROLES, V27, P209 HEMPHILL JK, 1957, LEADER BEHAV ITS DES JAGGAR AM, 1978, FEMINIST FRAMEWORKS, P204 LOCKSLEY A, 1979, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V37, P1017 MACCOBY EE, 1974, PSYCHOL SEX DIFFEREN MCGRATH JE, 1993, SMALL GR RES, V24, P285 MCGRATH JE, 1995, DIVERSITY WORK TEAMS, P17 MILLER JB, 1986, NEW PSYCHOL WOMEN PEDHAZUR EJ, 1979, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V37, P996 RIDGEWAY CL, 1986, AM SOCIOL REV, V51, P603 RITCHIE RJ, 1983, J APPL PSYCHOL, V68, P227 ROHNER RP, 1984, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V15, P139 SHARTLE CL, 1950, LEADERSHIP AM ED SHAW ME, 1981, GROUP DYNAMICS PSYCH SHIELDS SA, 1975, AM PSYCHOL, V30, P739 SPENCE JT, 1974, J SUPPL ABSTR SERV, V4, P43 SPENCE JT, 1979, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V37, P1032 STOGDILL RM, 1974, HDB LEADERSHIP SWAN SC, 1993, THESIS U ILLINOIS UR TERMAN LM, 1936, SEX PERSONALITY STUD TONG R, 1989, FEMINIST COMPREHENSI TRIANDIS HC, 1980, HDB CROSS CULTURAL P, V1, P1 TRIANDIS HC, 1990, CROSS CULTURAL PERSP, P41 WILLIAMS JE, 1990, CROSS CULTURAL RES M, V13 WOOD W, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V102, P53 NR 57 TC 10 PU JAI PRESS INC PI GREENWICH PA 55 OLD POST RD-#2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678 SN 1048-9843 J9 LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY JI Leadersh. Q. PD SPR PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 21 EP 40 PG 20 SC Psychology, Applied; Management GA UL205 UT ISI:A1996UL20500002 ER PT J AU Bereczkei, T Csanaky, A TI Mate choice, marital success, and reproduction in a modern society SO ETHOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating strategies; hypergamy; homogamy; marital success ID GENETIC SIMILARITY THEORY; 37 CULTURES; SELECTION; MARRIAGE; PREFERENCES; STRATEGIES; HUMANS; ATTRACTIVENESS; PERSPECTIVE AB A series of eight predictions concerning human mating was tested an interviews with 1057 female and 774 male Hungarians, who were close to completed fertility. Mating preferences as predicted from the evolutionary explanations are reflected in actual mate choice. Males, more than females, prefer and choose younger mates at marriage, whereas females tend to marry higher educated mates. The reproductive consequences of mate choice are adaptive: females who marry higher status mates and males who choose younger mates have significantly more surviving children than those following alternative mating strategies. This link between mating preferences and reproductive output may be mediated by marital success as a proximate mechanism. Couples whose wives are younger and/or less educated and whose husbands are older and/or more educated stay together for a longer period of time than other couples. Similarly, the age and educational differences between spouses are associated with marriage quality. Finally, homogamy is found as a widespread form of mate choice that proved to be almost as reproductively successful a strategy as hypergamy. We argue that females switch between homogamy and hypergamy and vice versa, depending on the particular social circumstance. RP Bereczkei, T, MED UNIV PECS,INST BEHAV SCI,SZIGETI U 12,H-7624 PECS,HUNGARY. CR ALEXANDER RD, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P241 BENTLER PM, 1978, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V46, P1053 BOONE JL, 1988, HUMAN REPROD BEHAV D, P201 BOOTH A, 1985, J MARRIAGE FAM, V47, P67 BOURDIEU P, 1977, REPRODUCTION ED SOC BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1987, SOCIOBIOLOGY PSYCHOL, P335 BUSS DM, 1988, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P291 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P249 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 CASHDAN E, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P1 DICKEMAN M, 1981, NATURAL SELECTION SO ELDER GH, 1969, AM SOCIOL REV, V34, P519 EPSTEIN E, 1984, SOC BIOL, V31, P243 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL B GREENLEES IA, 1994, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V15, P59 HILL EM, 1987, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V8, P143 HORNUNG CA, 1981, J MARRIAGE FAM, V43, P675 IRONS W, 1979, EVOLUTIONARY BIOL HU, P257 MACDONALD K, 1991, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V12, P449 MASCIETAYLOR CGN, 1988, HUMAN MATING PATTERN, P62 MERTON RK, 1941, PSYCHIATR, V4, P361 MULDER MB, 1988, HUMAN REPROD BEHAV D, P65 PERUSSE D, 1994, HUMAN NATURE, V5, P255 RUSHTON JP, 1984, BEHAV GENET, V14, P179 RUSHTON JP, 1988, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P329 RUSHTON JP, 1988, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P45 RUSHTON JP, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P503 RUSSELL RJH, 1985, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V6, P183 SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU SYMONS D, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P131 TAHIN T, 1993, DEMOGRAFIA, V36, P427 TAYLOR PA, 1976, AM SOCIOL REV, V41, P484 THIESSEN D, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P209 THIESSEN DD, 1980, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V1, P111 THORNHILL R, 1983, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V4, P63 TOOBY J, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P375 TOOBY J, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P19 TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P241 TOWNSEND JM, 1990, J PSYCHOL, V124, P371 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 TRIVERS RL, 1985, SOCIAL EVOLUTION TURKE PW, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P305 VANDENBERGHE PL, 1978, MAN SOC BIOSOCIAL VI VOLAND E, 1990, ETHOLOGY, V84, P144 WALTERS S, 1994, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V15, P5 WEISFELD GE, 1992, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P125 WHYTE MK, 1990, DATING MATING MARRIA WILLIAMS GC, 1975, SEX EVOLUTION NR 51 TC 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0162-3095 J9 ETHOLOGY SOCIOBIOL JI Ethol.Sociobiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 17 IS 1 BP 17 EP 35 PG 19 SC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology; Zoology GA UH247 UT ISI:A1996UH24700002 ER PT J AU Dion, KK Dion, KL TI Cultural perspectives on romantic love SO PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUALISM; GENDER AB Culture-related dimensions contribute to a more complete understanding of romantic love. In particular we suggest that the dimensions of individualism and collectivism, at both societal and psychological levels, offer insights into the nature of romantic love and its perceived importance for marriage. Changes in values pertaining to romantic love and its role in choosing a spouse are evident in several traditionally collectivistic societies and among persons from these societies emigrating to countries such as Canada, Australia, and the United States. Given these trends, we discuss the need to study individualism and collectivism at the psychological level and present findings from our own program of research. RP Dion, KK, UNIV TORONTO,SCARBOROUGH CAMPUS,SCARBOROUGH,ON M1C 1A4,CANADA. CR AVERILL JR, 1985, SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION, P89 BREER PE, 1965, TASK EXPERIENCE SOUR BREHM S, 1992, INTIMATE RELATIONSHI BRISLIN RW, 1980, HDB CROSS CULTURAL P, V2, P389 BUSS DM, 1988, PSYCHOL LOVE, P100 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CHERLIN AJ, 1981, MARRIAGE DIVORCE REM DION KK, 1985, REV PERSONALITY SOCI, V6, P209 DION KK, 1991, J SOC BEHAV PERS, V6, P17 DION KK, 1993, J SOC ISSUES, V49, P53 DION KL, 1988, PSYCHOL LOVE, P264 DION KL, 1990, INT SOC STUD PERS RE, V7, P3 DION KL, 1993, PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART, V17, P463 DION KL, 1994, 7 ANN C INT SOC STUD DION KL, 1996, HDB CHINESE PSYCHOL, P441 DOHERTY RW, 1994, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V1, P391 FEHR B, 1994, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V1, P309 FILTEAU CH, 1980, VISIBLE MINORITIES M, P289 FURSTENBERG FF, 1990, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V16, P379 GOODWIN R, 1995, J SOCIAL PERSONAL RE, V12, P121 GUPTA GR, 1976, J COMP FAM STUD, V7, P75 HATFIELD E, 1986, J ADOLESCENCE, V9, P383 HATTIE J, 1984, J PERS ASSESS, V48, P17 HENDRICK C, 1984, J SOCIAL PERSONAL RE, V1, P177 HOFSTEDE G, 1984, CULTURES CONSEQUENCE HSU FLK, 1981, AM CHINESE PASSAGE D HUI CH, 1986, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V17, P222 JANKOWIAK WR, 1992, ETHNOLOGY, V31, P149 KEPHART W, 1967, J MARRIAGE FAM, V29, P470 KURIAN G, 1983, OVERSEAS INDIANS STU, P128 LEE CC, 1988, CANADIAN J COUNSELIN, V22, P202 LEVINE R, 1995, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V26, P554 LEVINE RA, 1990, SELF TRANSITION INFA, P99 MASLOW AH, 1970, MOTIVATION PERSONALI NAIDOO JC, 1988, J COMP FAM STUD, V19, P311 RUBIN Z, 1970, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V16, P265 SCHWARTZ P, 1988, J FAMILY ISSUES, V8, P455 SHAVER P, 1992, REV PERSONALITY SOCI, V13, P175 SHOSTROM EL, 1964, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V24, P207 SHWEDER RA, 1984, CULTURE THEORY ESSAY, P158 SIMPSON JA, 1986, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V12, P363 SPRECHER S, 1989, J SOC PERS RELAT, V6, P387 SPRECHER S, 1994, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V1, P349 STECK L, 1982, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V43, P481 STONE L, 1988, PASSIONATE ATTACHMEN TRIANDIS HC, 1985, J RES PERS, V19, P395 TRIANDIS HC, 1986, AUST J PSYCHOL, V38, P257 TRIANDIS HC, 1992, UNPBU INDIVIDUALISM VAIDYANATHAN P, 1991, CONT ISSUES CROSS CU, P37 WATERMAN AS, 1984, PSYCHOL INDIVIDUALIS WESSMAN AE, 1966, MOOD PERSONALITY WU S, 1992, THESIS STATE U NEW Y YANG KS, 1986, PSYCHOL CHINESE PEOP, P106 NR 53 TC 27 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 1350-4126 J9 PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS JI Pers. Relat. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 3 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 PG 13 SC Psychology, Social GA UF720 UT ISI:A1996UF72000002 ER PT J AU Smith, PB Dugan, S Trompenaars, F TI National culture and the values of organizational employees - A dimensional analysis across 43 nations SO JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The values of 8,841 managers and organization employees from 43 countries were surveyed. The range of nations included paralleled many of those surveyed by Hofstede (1980) but added also substantial samples from ex-communist nations. Questionnaire items focused primarily on measures of universalism-particularism, achievement-ascription, and individualism-collectivism. Multidimensional scaling of country means revealed three interpretable dimensions. The relation of these dimensions to the results of earlier large-scale surveys and to a variety of demographic indexes is explored. It is found that there are continuing substantial differences in modal cultural values of organization employees and that these are largely consistent with differences reported by others. The present results suggest that the dimensions defined by Hofstede as individualism-collectivism and power distance may be better defined as representing varying orientations toward continuity of group membership (loyal involvement/utilitarian involvement) and varying orientations toward the obligations of social relationship (conservatism/egalitarian commitment). RP Smith, PB, UNIV SUSSEX, SCH SOCIAL SCI, BRIGHTON BN1 9QN, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND. CR 1987, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V18, P143 1990, EC BOOK VITAL WORLD BERRY JW, 1989, INT J PSYCHOL, V24, P721 BOND MH, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V55, P1009 BRISLIN RW, 1973, CROSS CULTURAL RES M BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 COTTLE TJ, 1968, ACTA PSYCHOL, V28, P129 COXON APM, 1982, USERS GUIDE MULTIDIM DURKHEIM E, 1960, DIVISION LABOR SOC EVERITT B, 1980, CLUSTER ANAL GLANTZ SA, 1990, PRIMER APPLIED REGRE HOFSTEDE G, 1980, CULTURES CONSEQUENCE HOFSTEDE G, 1983, EXPISCATIONS CROSS C, P335 HOFSTEDE G, 1991, CULTURES ORG SOFTWAR KAGITCIBASI C, 1989, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V40, P493 KAHL JA, 1965, AM J SOCIOL, V70, P669 KLUCKHOHN FR, 1961, VARIATIONS VALUE ORI KRUSKAL JB, 1976, MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCA LEUNG K, 1989, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V20, P133 LEUNG K, 1990, J EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V26, P373 LEUNG K, 1991, J EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V27, P201 LONNER WJ, 1989, HETEROGENEITY CROSS, P4 PARSONS T, 1951, GENERAL THEORY ACTIO ROTTER JB, 1966, PSYCHOL MONOGRAPHS, V80 SAMPSON EE, 1985, AM PSYCHOL, V40, P1203 SCHWARTZ SH, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P550 SCHWARTZ SH, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P139 SCHWARTZ SH, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V58, P878 SCHWARTZ SH, 1992, ADV EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V25, P1 SCHWARTZ SH, 1994, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC, P85 SINGELIS T, 1994, UNPUB HORIZONTAL VER SMITH PB, 1992, BRIT J MANAGE, V3, P39 SMITH PB, 1993, SOCIAL PSYCHOL ACROS SMITH PB, 1995, INT J PSYCHOL, V30, P377 STOUFFER SA, 1951, AM J SOCIOL, V56, P395 TONNIES F, 1963, COMMUNITY SOC TRIANDIS HC, 1990, NEBRASKA S MOTIVATIO, V37 TRIANDIS HC, 1995, INDIVIDUALISM COLLEC TROMPENAARS F, 1985, THESIS U PENNSYLVANI TROMPENAARS F, 1993, RIDING WAVES CULTURE WILLIAMS J, 1990, C IND COLL SEOUL KOR ZURCHER LA, 1965, AM SOCIOL REV, V30, P539 NR 42 TC 62 PU SAGE SCIENCE PRESS PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0022-0221 J9 J CROSS-CULT PSYCHOL JI J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1996 VL 27 IS 2 BP 231 EP 264 PG 34 SC Psychology, Social GA TZ220 UT ISI:A1996TZ22000006 ER PT C AU Crow, TJ TI Aetiology of schizophrenia: An evolutionary theory SO INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper DE schizophrenia; aetiology; evolution; language; X and Y chromosomes; development; sexual differences ID STRUCTURAL BRAIN CHANGES; CEREBRAL ASYMMETRIES; ADULT SCHIZOPHRENICS; VENTRICULAR SIZE; ONSET; AGE; PERFORMANCE; HANDEDNESS; POSTMORTEM; LANGUAGE AB It is proposed that schizophrenia is a purely genetic condition that arises as a component of the variation generated in the speciation of Homo sapiens through the evolution of the faculty of language. A critical genetic change on the X and Y chromosomes allowed the two hemispheres to develop with a degree of independence. Thus Man's particular capacity for communication has evolved by a process of increasing hemispheric specialization on the basis of persisting diversity for the asymmetry ('right-shift)' factor. Sex differences in age of onset of psychosis, premorbid precursors and outcome are accounted for in terms of a mean difference between the sexes in cerebral asymmetry. The ultimate cause of this difference is the mechanism of sexual selection acting to retain different ranges of variation of the gene on the X and Y chromosomes. These ranges are expressed in terms of variation in hemispheric specialization and psychological function, a boundary of which represents the predisposition to psychosis. The hypothesis is developmental in the sense that the relevant gene has an influence in development and affects a critical aspect of higher nervous system function. But the key evolutionary process of selection of gene variants occurs late, by the mechanism of mate choice. RP Crow, TJ, UNIV OXFORD, WARNEFORD HOSP, DEPT PSYCHIAT, OXFORD OX3 7JX, ENGLAND. 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Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 SU Suppl. 3 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA TV461 UT ISI:A1995TV46100007 ER PT J AU Bond, MH Smith, PB TI Cross-cultural social and organizational psychology SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE individualism collectivism; independence interdependence; self-concept; social influence; work behavior ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; UNITED-STATES; JAPANESE STUDENTS; SELF-CONCEPT; HONG-KONG; INDIVIDUALISM-COLLECTIVISM; BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS; TASK GROUPS; WORK; BEHAVIOR AB This review considers recent theoretical and empirical developments in cross-cultural studies within social and organizational psychology. It begins with a description of the importance and the difficulties of universalizing psychological science. It then continues with an examination of theoretical work on both the internal-proximal and the external-distal constraints that mediate culture's influence on behavior. Influences on social cognition are documented by describing research on self-concept, self-esteem, emotions, attribution processes, person perception, interpersonal attraction, and justice. Group processes are addressed in the areas of leadership, decision-making, and negotiation, and research in organizational psychology is examined with respect to work motivation and work behavior. The review concludes that considerable improvement is evident in recent cross-cultural research. However, future research must include a broader range of cultures and attend more closely to the levels at which cultural effects should be analyzed, and cultural samples must be unpackaged in more psychologically useful ways. C1 UNIV SUSSEX,SCH SOCIAL SCI,BRIGHTON BN1 9QN,E SUSSEX,ENGLAND. RP Bond, MH, CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT PSYCHOL,SHA TIN,HONG KONG. 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Rev. Psychol. PY 1996 VL 47 BP 205 EP 235 PG 31 SC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA TU969 UT ISI:A1996TU96900008 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, E SPRECHER, S TI MENS AND WOMENS PREFERENCES IN MARITAL PARTNERS IN THE UNITED-STATES, RUSSIA, AND JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MATE SELECTION; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; 37 CULTURES AB In this investigation, data on young, single adults' preferences in marital partners were gathered from three very diverse cultures: the United States, Russia, and Japan. Based on evolutionary, social learning, historical, and cross-cultural perspectives, the authors hypothesized that in all three cultures they would find certain traditional gender differences. Men would care more than women about physical attractiveness, whereas women would care more than men about status (e.g., intelligence; ambition; money, status, and position; potential for success) and personality attributes (e.g., kindness, understanding, expressiveness, openness). Women would be more ''choosy'' overall than would men. The authors also hypothesized that people from the United States (a Western individualist culture) would expect more from their relationships than would those from Japan (an Eastern collectivist culture). Finally, the authors predicted that gender differences would be smallest in the United States and largest in Japan. They found strong support for all but the last of these hypotheses and found weak support for that one. C1 ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,NORMAL,IL. RP HATFIELD, E, UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PSYCHOL,2430 CAMPUS RD,HONOLULU,HI 96822. 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Cross-Cult. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 26 IS 6 BP 728 EP 750 PG 23 SC Psychology, Social GA TF502 UT ISI:A1995TF50200013 ER PT J AU CROW, TJ TI A CONTINUUM OF PSYCHOSIS, ONE HUMAN GENE, AND NOT MUCH ELSE - THE CASE FOR HOMOGENEITY SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MANIC-DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS; EVOLUTION; CONTINUUM; SEXUAL SELECTION; ASYMMETRY; (SCHIZOPHRENIA) ID STRUCTURAL BRAIN CHANGES; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER; CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIA; CEREBRAL ASYMMETRIES; CONTROLLED FAMILY; VENTRICULAR SIZE; DIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; IRELAND; RATIO AB The contention of this paper is that psychoses are not a collection of separate and unrelated diseases, but a set of diverse expressions of a single underlying entity. It will be argued that there is a basic homogeneity of pathogenesis, that there are not multiple predisposing genes but a single gene that is associated with significant diversity. Therefore the problem is a unitary one. The challenge is to identify the nature and function of the gene. It will be argued that the gene is that by which homo sapiens has separated from other primate species, and that the diversity arises from selective pressures which continue to act on this specifically human gene. RP CROW, TJ, UNIV OXFORD,WARNEFORD HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,OXFORD OX3 7JX,ENGLAND. 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Res. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 17 IS 2 BP 135 EP 145 PG 11 SC Psychiatry GA TE002 UT ISI:A1995TE00200002 ER PT J AU TRIANDIS, HC CHAN, DKS BHAWUK, DPS IWAO, S SINHA, JBP TI MULTIMETHOD PROBES OF ALLOCENTRISM AND IDIOCENTRISM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUALISM-COLLECTIVISM; SELF; CULTURES; PERSPECTIVE; EXPLANATION; TESTS AB Collectivism and individualism are cultural syndromes that have some common cores. Allocentrism and idiocentrism are constructs at the individual level that correspond to collectivism and individualism respectively at the cultural level. In two studies, the first with American (from Illinois) and the second with Japanese subjects, we examined the best way to measure these common cores. We also present the recommended items in two appendices, and provide information about the reliability and convergent validity of the items in these appendices. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that women will be more allocentric than men. 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J. Psychol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 461 EP 480 PG 20 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA RT953 UT ISI:A1995RT95300004 ER PT J AU EAGLY, AH TI THE SCIENCE AND POLITICS OF COMPARING WOMEN AND MEN SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID COGNITIVE GENDER DIFFERENCES; SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCES; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL LITERATURE; META-ANALYSIS; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; FEMINIST PSYCHOLOGY; SPATIAL ABILITY; METAANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE; MATHEMATICS AB This article considers scientific evidence relevant to 4 claims that are often made about the findings of research that has compared the sexes. These claims are that the sex-related differences demonstrated by empirical research are small, unusually unstable across studies, very often artifactual, and inconsistent with the content of gender stereotypes. The empirical status of these claims has been seriously weakened by the findings of numerous quantitative syntheses of research that have compared female and male behavior. 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Psychol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 145 EP 158 PG 14 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA QL107 UT ISI:A1995QL10700002 ER PT J AU BUSS, DM TI EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY - A NEW PARADIGM FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE SO PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY LA English DT Review ID SOCIAL-EXCHANGE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; NATURAL-SELECTION; 37 CULTURES; PERSPECTIVE; PERSONALITY; LANGUAGE; TRAITS; ATTRACTIVENESS AB Psychological science is currently in conceptual disarray, characterized by unconnected mini-theories and isolated empirical findings. We lack a theory of the functional properties of the human mind that could provide the needed integration-a theory about what the mechanisms of mind are ''designed'' to do. Evolutionary psychology provides the conceptual tools for emerging from this fragmented state. In this target article, I outline the fundamental premises of evolutionary psychology; illustrate the application of evolutionary psychology to domains such as reasoning, social exchange, language, aggression, jealousy, sex, and status; and then consider the implications of evolutionary psychology for the key branches of social, personality, developmental, and cognitive psychology and suggest ways in which these disciplinary boundaries can be transcended. I conclude by looking at the emergence of evolutionary psychology as our field matures into the 21st century. RP BUSS, DM, UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PSYCHOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. 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1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1990, J SOC CLIN PSYCHOL, V9, P196 BUSS DM, 1992, PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P251 BUSS DM, 1993, FDN PERSONALITY, P175 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 BUSS DM, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR BUUNK BP, 1987, J SOC CLIN PSYCHOL, V5, P237 BYRNE R, 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL CANTOR N, 1990, MOTIV EMOTION, V14, P245 CARSON RC, 1990, CLIN PSYCHOL HDB CHAGNON N, 1983, YANOMAMO FIERCE PEOP CLARK MS, 1988, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V39, P609 COSMIDES L, 1987, LATEST BEST ESSAYS E, P277 COSMIDES L, 1989, COGNITION, V31, P187 COSMIDES L, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P51 COSMIDES L, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P163 COSMIDES L, 1993, AUG M HUM BEH EV SOC DALY M, 1982, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V3, P11 DALY M, 1988, HOMICIDE DALY M, 1989, SOCIOBIOLOGY SOCIAL, P25 DARLEY JM, 1968, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V8, P377 DARWIN C, 1859, ORIGIN SPECIES DARWIN C, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO DAWKINS R, 1986, BLIND WATCHMAKER DEAUX K, 1988, SOCIAL PSYCHOL 80S DEKAY WT, 1991, JUL M HUM BEH EV SOC 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L, 1982, BEHAV SCI RES, V17, P70 NESSE RM, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P601 NEWELL A, 1961, SCIENCE, V134, P2011 NISBETT RE, 1990, MOTIV EMOTION, V14, P255 ORIANS GH, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P555 PEABODY D, 1985, NATIONAL CHARACTERIS PEDERSEN FA, 1991, HUMAN NATURE, V3, P271 PERVIN LA, 1989, GOAL CONCEPTS PERSON PINKER S, 1990, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V13, P707 PINKER S, 1994, LANGUAGE INSTINCT PLOMIN R, 1977, PSYCHOL BULL, V84, P309 PROFET M, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P327 PYLYSHYN ZW, 1980, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V3, P111 QUINE WV, 1981, THEORIES THINGS RANCOURLAFERRIE.D, 1985, SIGNS FLESH ESSAY EV ROSS L, 1981, SOCIAL COGNITIVE DEV, P1 ROZIN P, 1976, APPETITE FOOD INTAKE, P286 RUSBULT CE, 1987, INTIMATE RELATIONSHI, P209 SADALLA EK, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V52, P730 SAFILIOSROTHCHI.C, 1969, EXTRAMARITAL RELATIO, P78 SAVINWILLIAMS RC, 1987, ADOLESCENCE ETHOLOGI SCARR S, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P424 SELIGMAN MEP, 1972, BIOL BOUNDARIES LEAR SHEPARD RN, 1984, PSYCHOL REV, V91, P417 SHEPARD RN, 1987, SCIENCE, V237, P1317 SHEPARD RN, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P495 SHOSTACK M, 1981, NISA LIFE WORDS KUNG SILVERMAN I, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P533 SINGH D, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V65, P293 SNYDER M, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V51, P181 SULLOWAY FJ, 1994, BORN REBEL RADICAL T SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU SYMONS D, 1987, SOCIOBIOLOGY PSYCHOL, P121 SYMONS D, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P137 TANNER RES, 1970, HOMICIDE UGANDA 1964 TAYLOR PA, 1976, AM SOCIOL REV, V41, P484 TELLEGEN A, 1985, ANXIETY ANXIETY DISO, P681 TOOBY J, 1982, J THEOR BIOL, V97, P557 TOOBY J, 1987, EVOL HUM BEHAV, P183 TOOBY J, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P375 TOOBY J, 1990, J PERS, V58, P17 TOOBY J, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P19 TOOKE W, 1991, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V12, P345 TRAPNELL PD, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P781 TRIVERS RL, 1971, Q REV BIOL, V46, P35 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 TRIVERS RL, 1985, SOCIAL EVOLUTION TURKE PW, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P305 WALLER N, IN PRESS BEHAVIORAL WEISFELD GE, 1979, J NERV MENT DIS, V167, P38 WELLMAN HM, 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND WHITE GL, 1989, JEALOUSY THEORY RES WHITE GM, 1980, AM ANTHROPOL, V82, P759 WIGGINS JS, 1979, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V37, P395 WIGGINS JS, 1991, THINKING CLEARLY PSY, V2, P89 WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398 WILLIAMS GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S WILLIAMS GC, 1992, NATURAL SELECTION DO WILSON M, 1985, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V6, P59 WILSON M, 1987, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, P215 WINTER DG, 1973, POWER MOTIVE NR 163 TC 287 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 1047-840X J9 PSYCHOL INQ JI Psychol. Inq. PY 1995 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 30 PG 30 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA PX434 UT ISI:A1995PX43400001 ER PT J AU SONDERGAARD, M TI HOFSTEDE CONSEQUENCES - A STUDY OF REVIEWS, CITATIONS AND REPLICATIONS SO ORGANIZATION STUDIES LA English DT Article ID CULTURES AB An analysis of applications and replications of the work of Geert Hofstede was based on a collection of citations of published and unpublished material. Four types of usage were found: citations, reviews, empirical replications, and as a paradigm. The role of Hofstede's work is illustrated by the number of citations, the widespread usage of Hofstede's culture types beyond citation as well as confirmation of the results and validation of the dimensions by empirical research. C1 ODENSE UNIV,DEPT MKT,DK-5230 ODENSE,DENMARK. RP SONDERGAARD, M, ODENSE UNIV,DEPT MANAGEMENT,CAMPUSVEJ 55,DK-5230 ODENSE,DENMARK. CR ADLER NJ, 1992, J INT BUS STUD, V23, P551 ARGYLE M, 1986, INT J PSYCHOL, V21, P287 ASHKANINI MGA, 1984, THESIS INT U SAN DIE BANAI M, 1982, J MANAGE STUD, P351 BARANOV P, 1985, COMMUNICATION BAUMGARTEL H, 1982, PERS PSYCHOL, V35, P192 BERRY JW, 1969, INT J PSYCHOL, V4, P119 BLANKENBERG E, 1983, ORGAN STUD, V4, P390 BOLLINGER D, 1987, UNPUB BOND MH, 1985, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V16, P111 BOSLAND N, 1985, 852 I RES INT COOP W BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CHEW IKH, 1993, COMP STUDY WORK RELA CHOW CW, 1991, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, P209 DUNPHY D, 1986, COMP ENTERPRISE MANA FIDALGO AJS, 1993, THESIS F DICKINSON U FORSS K, 1989, COMP MANAGEMENT PUBL GLADWIN TN, 1981, ACAD MANAGE REV, P681 GRAVES D, 1986, CORPORATE CULTURE DI HOFSTEDE G, 1981, INT STUDIES MANAGEME, V10, P15 HOFSTEDE G, 1984, CULTURES CONSEQUENCE HOFSTEDE G, 1991, CULTURES ORG SOFTWAR HOPPE MH, 1990, THESIS U N CAROLINA HOPPE MH, 1992, 11TH INT C CROSS CUL HUO PY, 1991, ASIA PACIFIC J MANAG, V8, P159 KIDD JM, 1982, J OCCUP PSYCHOL, V55, P70 KIM KI, 1990, ACAD MANAGE J, V33, P188 KORMAN AK, 1985, J OCCUPATIONAL BEHAV, V6, P243 KREWERAS G, 1982, EUR J OPER RES, V9, P94 LOWE EA, 1981, J ENTERPRISE MANAGEM, V3, P312 LOWE S, 1994, ISPAB C BANGKOK MALDONADO EM, 1983, THESIS CLAREMONT GRA MCCARREY MW, 1978, J SOC PSYCHOL, V104, P175 MERKER S, 1982, BEHAV SCI, V27, P195 NEGANDHI AR, 1974, MANAGE INT REV, V14, P59 POOYAM A, 1984, THESIS U TEXAS DALLA PUNNETT, 1988, UNPUB TESTING VALIDI REDDING C, 1982, COMMUNICATION ROBERTS KH, 1970, PSYCHOL BULL, V74, P327 ROBINSON RV, 1983, WORK OCCUPATION, P110 ROSE M, 1986, J ECON PSYCHOL, V7, P249 SCHOOLER C, 1983, CONT SOCIOLOGY J REV, V12, P167 SEDDON J, 1983, COMMUNICATION SHACKLETON VJ, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P109 SMITH KG, 1989, ORGAN STUD, V10, P63 SMUCKER J, 1982, SOCIOLOGY, V9, P55 SORGE A, 1983, ADM SCI Q DEC, P625 STOETZEL J, 1983, VALEURS TEMPS PRESEN TAYEB MH, 1988, ORG NATIONAL CULTURE TRIANDIS HC, 1982, HUM ORGAN, V41, P86 VARGA K, 1986, EMBERI SZERVEZETI ER WARNER M, 1981, J GEN MANAGE, V7, P75 WESTWOOD RG, 1987, ASIA PACIFIC J MANAG, V4, P187 YEH RS, 1988, 48TH ANN M AC MAN AN NR 54 TC 116 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8406 J9 ORGAN STUD JI Organ. Stud. PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 447 EP 456 PG 10 SC Management GA PP509 UT ISI:A1994PP50900007 ER PT J AU AUNE, RK AUNE, KS TI THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE, GENDER, AND RELATIONAL STATUS ON APPEARANCE MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMALE COLLEGE-STUDENTS; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; BODY ATTITUDES; SELF-CONCEPT; SEX AB The appearance management behavior of 253 African-American, Caucasian-American, and Asian-American subjects was assessed in a field study. Compared with prior research, appearance management was found to vary according to gender and relational status. A main effect for culture was found, and culture was found to interact with both gender and relational status. African-American men engaged the longest in appearance management among the men, whereas African-American women engaged least among the women. Asian-Americans showed little difference in their dating and nondating appearance management relative to Caucasian-Americans, who showed greater difference between the two conditions. Differences between dating and nondating appearance management were more complex for African-Americans: The women showed the most difference of all culture types between dating and nondating appearance management, whereas their male counterparts showed practically no difference. Appearance management variance across cultures, social situations, and relational levels is attributed to cultural differences in general impression management and perceptions of social situations. RP AUNE, RK, UNIV HAWAII MANOA,DEPT SPEECH COMMUN,HONOLULU,HI 96822. CR BERSCHEID E, 1974, ADV EXPT SOCIAL PSYC, V7, P158 BINION VJ, 1990, SEX ROLES, V22, P487 BURGOON JK, 1988, COMMUN MONOGR, V55, P58 BURGOON JK, 1989, NONVERBAL COMMUNICAT BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1994, PSYCHOL CULTURE BYRNE D, 1970, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V16, P157 CASH TF, 1977, J APPL PSYCHOL, V62, P301 DALY JA, 1983, J NONVERBAL BEHAV, V7, P183 EIBLEIBESFELDT I, 1975, ETHOLOGY BIOL BEHAVI FORGAS JP, 1985, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V11, P75 GIVENS DB, 1978, PSYCHIATRY, V41, P346 GUDYKUNST WB, 1988, CULTURE INTERPERSONA HALL ET, 1976, CULTURE HOSTEDE G, 1980, CULTURES CONSEQUENCE JOURARD SM, 1954, J ABNORMAL SOCIAL PS, V50, P243 KELSON TR, 1990, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V71, P281 KENDON A, 1973, COMP ECOLOGY BEHAV P, P591 KENRICK DT, 1989, CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS, P92 KEPPEL G, 1973, DESIGN ANAL RES HDB KNAPP ML, 1992, INTERPERSONAL COMMUN KOCHMAN T, 1981, BLACK WHITE STYLES C KOCHMAN T, 1990, CULTURAL COMMUNICATI, P193 LAWICKGOODALL JV, 1968, ANIM BEHAV MONOGR, V1, P161 LERNER RM, 1973, J PSYCHOL, V85, P119 LERNER RM, 1974, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V3, P307 MILLER MD, 1987, COMMUN MONOGR, V54, P101 MURSTEIN BI, 1972, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V22, P8 SCHEFLEN AE, 1965, PSYCHIATRY, V28, P245 SCHEFLEN AE, 1974, BEHAVIOR MEANS SECORD PF, 1953, J CONSULT PSYCHOL, V17, P99 SHAW TA, 1985, ETHNIC GROUPS, V6, P155 SPARKS J, 1967, ALLOGROOMING PRIMATE TINGTOOMEY S, 1986, INTERETHNIC COMMUNIC, P75 TRIANDIS H, 1986, PERSONALITY COGNITIO WATERMAN A, 1984, PSYCHOL INDIVIDUALIS WILLIAMS JE, 1975, SEX ROLES, V1, P327 YERKES RM, 1933, J SOC PSYCHOL, V4, P4 NR 38 TC 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0022-0221 J9 J CROSS-CULT PSYCHOL JI J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 25 IS 2 BP 258 EP 272 PG 15 SC Psychology, Social GA NN540 UT ISI:A1994NN54000006 ER PT J AU BUSS, DM TI THE STRATEGIES OF HUMAN MATING SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article RP BUSS, DM, UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PSYCHOL,580 UNION DR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CR BUSS D, 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1992, PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P251 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 NR 4 TC 31 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0003-0996 J9 AMER SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 82 IS 3 BP 238 EP 249 PG 12 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences GA NJ579 UT ISI:A1994NJ57900016 ER PT J AU BROWN, RA TI ROMANTIC LOVE AND THE SPOUSE SELECTION CRITERIA OF MALE AND FEMALE KOREAN COLLEGE-STUDENTS SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATTITUDES; INDIVIDUALISM; COLLECTIVISM AB Authors of previous studies have shown that men tend to be more romantic than women and that men and women differ in the qualities they value in potential marriage partners. That research has tended to focus on Americans. In this study the hypotheses that men are more romantic than women and that men and women differ in the qualities they value in potential marriage partners were tested with Korean college students as subjects. The results suggest that men are more romantic than women and that women and men differ in their mate selection criteria. A subset of that sample was used to determine the extent to which parental involvement in marriage decisions is considered legitimate. A secondary purpose of the study was to explore the impact of certain linguistic and cultural variables, particularly those involving major life decisions (such as marriage), on the interpretation of such results. CR BROWN RA, 1909, OUNPUB AUTOSTEREOTYP BROWN RA, 1990, ASIAN PACIFIC Q, V22, P57 BROWN RA, 1990, J NE ASIAN STUDIES, V9, P71 BROWN RA, 1992, ASIAN PERSPECT, V16, P45 BUSS DM, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P616 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CANCIAN FM, 1987, LOVE AM GENDER SELF FEHR B, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V55, P557 GOODE WJ, 1959, AM SOCIOL REV, V24, P38 GOODE WJ, 1982, FAMILY HARVEY YK, 1979, 6 KOREAN WOMEN SOCIA HOFSTEDE G, 1980, CULTURES CONSEQUENCE KEPHART W, 1967, J MARRIAGE FAM, V29, P470 KIM JU, 1991, KOREANS THEIR MIND B KNOX DH, 1968, J MARRIAGE FAM, V30, P638 PHILBRICK J, 1980, PSYCHOL REP, V46, P286 ROSENBLATT PC, 1974, F INTERPERSONAL ATTR SIMMONS CH, 1989, J SOC PSYCHOL, V129, P793 SPENCER RF, 1988, YOGONG FACTORY GIRL STONES CR, 1992, J SOC PSYCHOL, V132, P609 TRIANDIS HC, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P323 TRIANDIS HC, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P1006 VANDEWIELE M, 1983, PSYCHOL REP, V52, P915 NR 23 TC 4 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0022-4545 J9 J SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Soc. Psychol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 134 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 SC Psychology, Social GA NK008 UT ISI:A1994NK00800005 ER PT J AU GANGESTAD, SW TI SEXUAL SELECTION AND PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS - IMPLICATIONS FOR MATING DYNAMICS SO HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE MATE CHOICE; MATING STRATEGIES; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SEXUAL SELECTION ID SWALLOW HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; RATIO MANIPULATION; HANDICAP PRINCIPLE; MATE PREFERENCES; ZUK HYPOTHESIS; FEMALE CHOICE; 37 CULTURES; SEXY SON AB Sexual selection processes have received much attention in recent years, attention reflected in interest in human mate preferences. Among these mate preferences are preferences for physical attractiveness. Preferences in and of themselves, however, do not fully explain the nature of the relationships that individuals attain. A tacit negotiation process underlies relationship formation and maintenance. The notion that preferences for physical attractiveness evolved under parasite-driven ''good genes'' sexual selection leads to predictions about the nature of trade-offs that individuals make between mates' physical attractiveness and investment potential. These predictions and relevant data are explored, with a primary emphasis on women's preferences for men's qualities. In addition, further implications of trade-offs are examined, most notably (a) the impact of environmental variations on the nature of mating and (b) some effects of trade-offs on infidelity and male attempts to control women. RP GANGESTAD, SW, UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PSYCHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. CR *UN, 1991, 1991 COMP SOC STAT I ANDERSON RM, 1978, J ANIM ECOL, V47, P219 ANDERSON RM, 1982, PARASITOLOGY, V85, P411 BECKER GS, 1981, TREATISE FAMILY BERNSTEIN IH, 1982, PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS, V32, P495 BERSCHEID E, 1974, ADV EXPT SOCIAL PSYC, V7, P157 BLAU PM, 1964, EXCHANGE POWER SOCIA BLOOM BL, 1978, PSYCHOL BULL, V85, P867 BRADBURY JW, 1987, SEXUAL SECTION TESTI BRISLIN RW, 1968, PSYCHOL REP, V22, P976 BURLEY N, 1977, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V74, P3476 BURLEY N, 1981, SCIENCE, V211, P721 BURLEY N, 1986, AM NAT, V127, P415 BURLEY N, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P1191 BUSS DM, 1988, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P291 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204 CAMPBELL A, 1976, QUALITY AM LIFE CASHDAN E, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P1 CRITELLI JW, 1980, J PERS ASSESS, V44, P624 CUNNINGHAM MR, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P61 DAITZMAN RJ, 1980, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V1, P103 DALY M, 1982, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V3, P11 DALY M, 1983, SEX EVOLUTION BEHAVI DALY M, 1988, HOMICIDE DARWIN C, 1859, ORIGIN SPEICES DARWIN C, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO DELOPE F, IN PRESS EVOLUTION DEMARES J, 1992, JUL ANN M HUM BEH EV FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 FISHER RA, 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT FRANK RH, 1988, PASSIONS REASON GANGESTAD SW, IN PRESS ETHOLOGY SO GANGESTAD SW, 1990, J PERS, V58, P69 GANGESTAD SW, 1992, UNPUB HUMAN SOCIOSEX GOWATY PA, 1992, HUMAN NATURE, V3, P217 GRAFEN A, 1990, J THEOR BIOL, V144, P517 HALDANE JBS, 1949, LA RICERCA SCI S, V19, P68 HAMILTON WD, 1980, OIKOS, V35, P282 HAMILTON WD, 1982, POPULATION BIOL INFE, P269 HAMILTON WD, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P384 HATFIELD E, 1986, MIRROR MIRROR IMPORT HEYWOOD JS, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P1387 HITE S, 1987, WOMEN LOVE CULTURAL IWASA Y, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P1431 KENRICK DT, 1990, J PERS, V58, P97 KINSEY AC, 1948, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR HUMA KINSEY AC, 1953, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR HUMA KIRKPATRICK M, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P1 KIRKPATRICK M, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P788 KIRKPATRICK M, 1986, J THEOR BIOL, V119, P263 LANDE R, 1981, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V78, P3721 LOW BS, 1988, HUMAN REPROD BEHAV D, P115 LOW BS, 1990, AM ZOOL, V30, P325 LOW BS, 1990, INT J CONT SOCIOLOGY, V27, P49 MARET SM, 1983, J PSYCHOL, V115, P113 MARET SM, 1985, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V60, P163 MATHES EW, 1975, J MARRIAGE FAM, V37, P769 MOLLER AP, IN PRESS J EVOLUTION MOLLER AP, 1988, ANIM BEHAV, V36, P996 MOLLER AP, 1988, NATURE, V332, P640 MOLLER AP, 1990, ANIM BEHAV, V39, P458 MOLLER AP, 1990, ANIM BEHAV, V40, P1185 MOLLER AP, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P771 MOLLER AP, 1990, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V3, P319 MOLLER AP, 1991, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V245, P1 MOLLER AP, 1992, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V5, P603 MOLLER AP, 1992, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V5, P691 MOLLER AP, 1992, NATURE, V357, P238 MURDOCK GP, 1969, ETHNOLOGY, V8, P329 MURSTEIN BI, 1976, WHO WILL MARRY WHOM ODONALD P, 1962, HEREDITY, V17, P541 PERUSSE D, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P267 POMIANKOWSKI A, 1987, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V231, P123 READ AF, 1990, PARASITISM HOST BEHA, P117 ROGERS AR, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P226 ROHWER S, 1981, EVOLUTION, V35, P441 ROHWER S, 1982, AM ZOOL, V22, P531 RTOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P241 SIMPSON JA, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V60, P870 SIMPSON JA, 1991, SEXUALITY CLOSE RELA, P71 SIMPSON JA, 1992, J PERS, V60, P31 SMITH HG, 1991, BEHAV ECOL, V28, P195 SMITH RL, 1984, SPERM COMPETITION EV, P601 SULLIVAN MS, 1993, NATURE, V361, P409 SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU TESSER A, 1971, PSYCHON SCI, V23, P300 THANAKAR JN, 1979, J SOC PSYCHOL, V108, P121 THORNHILL R, 1979, SEXUAL SELECTION REP, P81 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 WALSTER E, 1966, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V4, P508 WEATHERHEAD PJ, 1979, AM NAT, V113, P201 WEIDERMAN MW, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V13, P115 WHITE GL, 1980, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V39, P660 WILLIAMS GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S WILSON EO, 1978, HUMAN NATURE ZUK M, 1992, ADV STUD BEHAV, V21, P39 NR 98 TC 52 PU ALDINE DE GRUYTER DIVISION WALTER DE GRUYTER INC PI HAWTHORNE PA 200 SAW MILL RIVER, HAWTHORNE, NY 10532 SN 1045-6767 J9 HUM NATURE-INT BIOSOC PERSPEC JI Hum. Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect. PY 1993 VL 4 IS 3 BP 205 EP 235 PG 31 SC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical GA MU520 UT ISI:A1993MU52000001 ER PT J AU LEE, YT TI PERCEIVED HOMOGENEITY AND FAMILIAL LOYALTY BETWEEN CHINESE AND AMERICANS SO CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUALISM; COLLECTIVISM AB On the basis of both previous and recent research on intercultural perceptions (Lee & Ottati, 1993; Triandis & Vassiliou, 1967), it is hypothesized that perceived group homogeneity would be intimately related to familial loyalty (or commitment) and stability. A cross-cultural questionnaire study was conducted both in the People's Republic of China (n=182) and in the United States of America (n=182). The results revealed that both Chinese and American subjects perceived a collectivistic society to have more familial commitment and stability while they perceived an individualistic society to have less familial commitment and stability. The implications for this study have been discussed. RP LEE, YT, PHILADELPHIA COLL TEXT & SCI,DEPT HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCI,SCH HOUSE LANE & HENRY AVE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19144. CR ALLPORT GW, 1954, NATURE PREJUDICE BELLAH RN, 1985, HABITS OF HEART BOND MH, 1986, PSYCHOL CHINESE PEOP BRISLIN R, 1986, FIELD METHODS CROSS BRISLIN R, 1993, UNDERSTANDING CULTUR BRODBARNEMZER JY, 1986, J MARRIAGE FAM, V48, P329 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CHERLIN A, 1983, J MARRIAGE FAM, V45, P903 CHU GC, 1985, CULTURE SELF, P231 CLARK MS, 1988, ANN REV SPYCHOL, V39, P106 CRONBACH LJ, 1951, PSYCHOMETRIKA, V16, P297 DANTONIO W, 1982, J SCI STUD RELIG, V21, P218 DION KL, 1988, PSYCHOL LOVE, P264 FAIRBANK JK, 1987, CHINA WATCH FROMM E, 1956, ART LOVING FUNDER DC, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V101, P75 HSU FLK, 1953, AM CHINESE 2 WAYS LI HSU FLK, 1963, CLAN CASTE CLUB HSU FLK, 1983, RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM JING CC, 1991, 99TH S AN C AM PSYCH JUSSIM L, 1991, PSYCHOL REV, V98, P54 LEE YT, 1991, 99TH ANN CONV AM PSY LEE YT, 1993, J CROSS CULTURAL PSY, V4, P298 MARSELLA AJ, 1985, CULTURE SELF ASIAN W OLEARY KD, 1991, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V42, P191 SELIGMAN MEP, 1991, LEARNED OPTIMISM STERNBERG RJ, 1988, PSYCHOL LOVE TRIANDIS HC, 1967, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V7, P316 TRIANDIS HC, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P323 TRIANDIS HC, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P1006 TRIANDIS HC, 1990, NEBRASKA S MOTIVATIO TU WM, 1985, CULTURE SELF ASIAN W, P231 TU WM, 1991, DAEDALLUS J AM A SPR WRIGHT J, 1972, UNIVERSAL ALMANAC 19 YANG KS, 1986, PSYCHOL CHINESE PEOP, P106 YEE AH, 1989, PEOPLE MISRULED HONG NR 36 TC 4 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 SN 0737-8262 J9 CURR PSYCHOL JI Curr. Psychol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 260 EP 267 PG 8 SC Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA MN010 UT ISI:A1993MN01000005 ER PT J AU FEINGOLD, A TI GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MATE SELECTION PREFERENCES - A TEST OF THE PARENTAL INVESTMENT MODEL SO PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID LONELY HEARTS ADVERTISEMENTS; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; 37 CULTURES; PERSONAL ADVERTISEMENTS; MATCHING HYPOTHESIS; ROMANTIC ATTRACTION; PARTNER SELECTION; HUMAN COURTSHIP; DATING CHOICE AB Evolutionary-related hypotheses about gender differences in mate selection preferences were derived from Triver's parental investment model, which contends that women are more likely than men to seek a mate who possesses nonphysical characteristics that maximize the survival or reproductive prospects of their offspring, and were examined in a meta-analysis of mate selection research (questionnaire studies, analyses of personal advertisements). As predicted, women accorded more weight than men to socioeconomic status, ambitiousness, character, and intelligence, and the largest gender differences were observed for cues to resource acquisition (status, ambitiousness). Also as predicted, gender differences were not found in preferences for characteristics unrelated to progeny survival (sense of humor, "personality"). Where valid comparisons could be made, the findings were generally invariant across generations, cultures, and research paradigms. RP FEINGOLD, A, YALE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,POB 11A,YALE STN,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CR BABER RE, 1936, J SOC HYGIENE, V22, P115 BARTAL D, 1976, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V33, P772 BENASSI MA, 1978, THESIS DEPAUL U CHIC BERKOW JH, 1989, DARWIN SEX STATUS BI BERSCHEID E, 1971, J EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V7, P173 BOKOR E, 1988, DISS ABSTR INT B, V48, P3673 BOLIG R, 1984, FAM RELAT, V33, P587 BRIGGS SR, 1980, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V38, P679 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1987, SOCIOBIOLOGY PSYCHOL, P335 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 BYRNE D, 1968, J PERS, V36, P259 CAMERON C, 1977, FAM COORD, V26, P27 CAPUTO GC, 1978, 58TH ANN M W PSYCH A COHEN J, 1977, STATISTICAL POWER AN COOMBS RH, 1966, J MARRIAGE FAM, V28, P62 CURTNER ME, 1982, THESIS N TEX STAT U DANIEL H, 1985, COLL STUDENT J, V15, P44 DAVIS S, 1990, SEX ROLES, V23, P43 DEAUX K, 1984, SEX ROLES, V11, P363 DION KK, 1986, APPEARANCE STIGMA SO, V3, P7 EAGLY AH, 1991, PSYCHOL BULL, V110, P109 FEINGOLD A, 1981, PSYCHOL REP, V49, P247 FEINGOLD A, 1988, PSYCHOL BULL, V104, P226 FEINGOLD A, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P981 FEINGOLD A, 1991, BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH, V12, P357 FEINGOLD A, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V111, P304 GREEN SK, 1984, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V10, P502 HARRISON AA, 1977, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V35, P257 HATFIELD E, 1986, MIRROR MIRROR IMPORT HEDGES LV, 1985, STATISTICAL METHODS HENDEL DD, 1978, COUNSELLING VALUES, V22, P127 HENDRICK C, 1984, J SOCIAL PERSONAL RE, V1, P177 HENDRICK C, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P392 HEWITT LE, 1958, MARRIAGE FAM LIVING, V20, P344 HICKLING EJ, 1979, J PSYCHOL, V102, P71 HILL EM, 1987, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V8, P143 HILL R, 1945, J HOME ECON, V37, P554 HOWARD JA, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P194 HUNTER JE, 1982, METAANALYSIS CUMULAT KENRICK DT, 1990, J PERS, V58, P97 KOESTNER R, 1988, J SOCIAL PERSONAL RE, V5, P149 LANER MR, 1974, CORNELL J SOC RELAT, V9, P149 LANER MR, 1975, SOCIOLOGICAL RES S, V5, P185 LANER MR, 1977, J HOMOSEXUAL, V3, P21 LANGLOIS JH, 1986, PHYSICAL APPEARANCE, V3, P23 LEE JA, 1973, COLORS LOVE LISTON A, 1988, J COMP FAM STUD, V19, P361 LONNER WJ, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P27 MCGINNIS R, 1958, SOC FORCES, V36, P368 NAFICY A, 1982, DISS ABSTR INT B, V42, P4561 NEVID JS, 1984, SEX ROLES, P401 NEVID JS, 1984, SEX ROLES, V11, P401 PETERS JF, 1980, INT J COMP SOCIOL, V21, P109 PETERS JF, 1980, J COMP SOCIOLOGY, V21, P109 POWERS EA, 1971, INT J SOCIOL FAM, V1, P207 RIGGIO RE, 1984, J SOCIAL PERSONAL RE, V1, P347 ROSCOE B, 1987, ADOLESCENCE, V85, P59 ROSENBAUM ME, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V51, P1156 ROSENTHAL R, 1984, META ANAL PROCEDURES RUSBULT CE, 1980, J EXPT SOCIAL PSYCHO, V16, P172 RUSBULT CE, 1983, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V45, P101 SADALLA EK, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V52, P30 SCHNEIDER PA, 1985, DISS ABSTR INT B, V44, P660 SCHNEIDER PA, 1986, APR ANN M AM ASS COU SIGALL H, 1973, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V28, P218 SIMENAUER J, 1982, SINGLES NEW AM SITTON S, 1986, PSYCHOL REP, V58, P257 SMITH JE, 1990, SEX ROLES, V23, P675 SPRECHER S, 1989, SEX ROLES, V21, P591 STROEBE W, 1971, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V18, P79 SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU TESSER A, 1971, PSYCHON SCI, V23, P300 THIESSEN DD, 1980, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V1, P111 TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P241 TOWNSEND JM, 1990, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V19, P149 TOWNSEND JM, 1990, J PSYCHOL, V124, P371 TRANT JS, 1986, DISS ABSTR INT B, V46, P4417 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136 TRIVERS RL, 1985, SOCIAL EVOLUTION VARLEY D, 1961, UNPUB MATE SELECTION VARLEY D, 1961, UNPUB WAKIL P, 1973, SOC FORCES, V51, P471 WILLIAMSON RC, 1965, FAMILY LIFE COORDINA, V14, P137 WILLIAMSON RC, 1972, MARRIAGE FAMILY RELA NR 86 TC 116 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0033-2909 J9 PSYCHOL BULL JI Psychol. Bull. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 112 IS 1 BP 125 EP 139 PG 15 SC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary GA JB405 UT ISI:A1992JB40500006 ER PT J AU DERAAD, B DODDEMAWINSEMIUS, M TI FACTORS IN THE ASSORTMENT OF HUMAN MATES - DIFFERENTIAL PREFERENCES IN GERMANY AND THE NETHERLANDS SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article ID MARITAL SATISFACTION; 37 CULTURES; SELECTION; PERSONALITY RP DERAAD, B, UNIV GRONINGEN,DEPT PSYCHOL,GROTE KRUISSTR 2-1,9712 TS GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. CR BASOW S, 1986, GENDER STEREOTYPES T BUSS DM, 1984, BEHAV GENET, V14, P111 BUSS DM, 1985, AM SCI, V73, P47 BUSS DM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P559 BUSS DM, 1987, SOCIOBIOLOGY PSYCHOL, P335 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1989, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V10, P1269 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 CARTER H, 1976, MARRIAGE DIVORCE SOC CHERLIN A, 1988, J FAMILY ISSUES, V9, P291 CLARK D, 1977, LOVING SOMEONE GAY CURRY TF, 1981, ADOLESCENCE, V16, P779 DAVIS S, 1990, SEX ROLES, V23, P43 EYSENCK HJ, 1981, ADV BEHAV RES THER, V3, P151 HEATON TB, 1990, J FAM ISSUES, V11, P191 HOFSTEE WKB, 1981, NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRI, V34, P443 HOWARD JA, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P194 HUSTON TL, 1978, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V29, P115 JOHN OP, 1984, PERSONALITY PSYCHOL, V1 KERCKHOFF AC, 1962, AM SOCIOL REV, V27, P295 KOUWER BJ, 1973, EXISTENTIELE PSYCHOL KTSANES T, 1955, AM SOCIOL REV, V20, P547 LANGHORNE MC, 1955, J SOC PSYCHOL, V41, P19 LEWAK RW, 1985, PERSONALITY INDIVIDU, V6, P471 MURSTEIN BI, 1980, J MARRIAGE FAM, V42, P51 NORMAN WT, 1963, J ABNORMAL SOCIAL PS, V66, P574 PERRYJENKINS M, 1990, J FAM ISSUES, V11, P136 SADALLA EK, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V52, P730 THARP RG, 1963, PSYCHOL BULL, V60, P97 WINCH RF, 1954, AM SOCIOL REV, V19, P241 WINCH RF, 1958, MATE SELECTION STUDY NR 31 TC 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD JAN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 103 EP 114 PG 12 SC Psychology, Social GA GU696 UT ISI:A1992GU69600016 ER PT J AU BUSS, DM TI MATE SELECTION FOR GOOD PARENTING SKILLS - AUTHORS RESPONSE SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID 37 CULTURES; PREFERENCES RP BUSS, DM, UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PSYCHOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CR BARKOW J, 1989, DARWIN SEX STATUS BI BUSS DM, UNPUB SEXUAL STRATEG BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 HILL K, 1989, 1989 EV HUM BEH PROG MULDER MB, 1988, HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE B SYMONS D, IN PRESS ADAPTED MIN TOOBY J, 1990, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V11, P375 WILLIAMS GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S NR 9 TC 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 14 IS 3 BP 520 EP 521 PG 2 SC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences GA GG546 UT ISI:A1991GG54600084 ER PT J AU BUSS, DM TI TOWARD AN EMPIRICAL FOUNDATION FOR EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; 37 CULTURES; PREFERENCES; CONFLICT RP BUSS, DM, UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PSYCHOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CR ABBEY A, 1982, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V42, P830 BETZIG L, 1989, CURR ANTHROPOL, V30, P654 BUSS DM, 1988, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P291 BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1 BUSS DM, 1989, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V56, P735 BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5 DALY M, 1983, SEX EVOLUTION BEHAVI DALY M, 1988, HOMICIDE DARWIN C, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO FLINN MV, 1988, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P1 FRANCIS JL, 1977, J MARRIAGE FAMILY CO, V10, P61 HILL R, 1945, J HOME ECON, V37, P554 HUDSON JW, 1969, J MARRIAGE FAM, V31, P772 KENRICK DT, 1990, J PERS, V58, P97 LANGHORNE MC, 1955, J SOC PSYCHOL, V41, P19 MCGINNIS R, 1958, SOC FORCES, V36, P368 SYMONS D, 1979, EVOLUTION HUMAN SEXU SYMONS D, 1987, SOCIOBIOLOGY PSYCHOL TEISMANN MW, 1978, PSYCHOL REP, V42, P1211 TOOBY J, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P29 TOWNSEND JM, 1989, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, R30 TRIVERS RL, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES NR 22 TC 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 SC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences GA FP080 UT ISI:A1991FP08000058 ER PT J AU TINGTOOMEY, S TI INTIMACY EXPRESSIONS IN 3 CULTURES - FRANCE, JAPAN, AND THE UNITED-STATES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELF-DISCLOSURE; COLLECTIVISM; COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUALISM; FRIENDSHIP; ATTITUDES; LOVE RP TINGTOOMEY, S, CALIF STATE UNIV FULLERTON,DEPT SPEECH COMMUN,FULLERTON,CA 92634. 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